Chapter 4(organelles) Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleolus

A

-site where RNA is synthesized

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

-largest compartment of the cell
-contains genetic information(DNA)
-has a double layered nuclear membrane

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3
Q

mRNA

A

a transcription of instructions from DNA that moves to the cytoplasm to be translated by ribosomes into the amino acid sequence of a protein

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4
Q

ribosomes

A

-use instructions from mRNA to build proteins
-located freely in cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

which ribosomes make proteins that are most likely to be transported out of the cell?

A

ribosomes attached to the ER

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6
Q

What is included in the endomembrane system?

A

nuclear envelope
-ER
-golgi apparatus
-lysosomes
-some vesicles and vacoules
-plasma membrane

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

-a continuous connection from the nucleus’ outer membrane
-manufacturing site of the cell
-produces a variety of molecules, including phospholipids, steroids, proteins for membranes, other organelles

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8
Q

Smooth ER

A

-packages proteins and lipids to send to the golgi apparatus
-synthesis of some hormones

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9
Q

Rough ER

A

-ribosomes attached to the rough ER produce proteins
-membrane-making(adds proteins and phospholipids to the membrane)

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

-refines, packages, and ships proteins
-sends materials to other parts of the cell

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11
Q

Lysosomes

A

-sac of digestive enzymes
-made by ER, processed by golgi apparatus
-fuse with food vacoules to digest food
-recycling damaged cells and making organic molecules ready for reuse

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12
Q

vacuoles

A

-hold chemicals that make plants and fungi poisonous
-forms by being pinched off of the plasma membrane

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13
Q

cytoplasm

A

-includes organelles
-outside nucleus, inside membrane

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14
Q

cytosol

A

cytoplasm not including organelles

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15
Q

mitochondria

A

-has and inner and outer membrane
-energy processing
-carry out cellular respiration
-transform chemical energy of foods into ATP
-contain their own DNA

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16
Q

chloroplasts

A

-convert solar energy into chemical energy

17
Q

What is endosymbiosis?

A

Chloroplasts and mitochondria were formerly prokaryotes that began living in larger cells. Only cells that evolved to become dependent on the energy provided by chloroplasts have them(plants)

18
Q

cytoskeleton

A

-structural support
-create roads inside the cell aiding the travel of motor proteins