Chapter 4(organelles) Flashcards
Nucleolus
-site where RNA is synthesized
Nucleus
-largest compartment of the cell
-contains genetic information(DNA)
-has a double layered nuclear membrane
mRNA
a transcription of instructions from DNA that moves to the cytoplasm to be translated by ribosomes into the amino acid sequence of a protein
ribosomes
-use instructions from mRNA to build proteins
-located freely in cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
which ribosomes make proteins that are most likely to be transported out of the cell?
ribosomes attached to the ER
What is included in the endomembrane system?
nuclear envelope
-ER
-golgi apparatus
-lysosomes
-some vesicles and vacoules
-plasma membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
-a continuous connection from the nucleus’ outer membrane
-manufacturing site of the cell
-produces a variety of molecules, including phospholipids, steroids, proteins for membranes, other organelles
Smooth ER
-packages proteins and lipids to send to the golgi apparatus
-synthesis of some hormones
Rough ER
-ribosomes attached to the rough ER produce proteins
-membrane-making(adds proteins and phospholipids to the membrane)
Golgi apparatus
-refines, packages, and ships proteins
-sends materials to other parts of the cell
Lysosomes
-sac of digestive enzymes
-made by ER, processed by golgi apparatus
-fuse with food vacoules to digest food
-recycling damaged cells and making organic molecules ready for reuse
vacuoles
-hold chemicals that make plants and fungi poisonous
-forms by being pinched off of the plasma membrane
cytoplasm
-includes organelles
-outside nucleus, inside membrane
cytosol
cytoplasm not including organelles
mitochondria
-has and inner and outer membrane
-energy processing
-carry out cellular respiration
-transform chemical energy of foods into ATP
-contain their own DNA