Fungi (Basidiomycetes)

Question 1

Basidiomycota

Answer 1

• club-shaped basidium on hyphae
• basidia in basidiocarp

Question 2

Life-cycle

Answer 2

• karyogamy on dikaryotic hyphae
• diploid mother cell
• meiosis occurs, haploid
• basidiospores lead to monokaryotic hyphae
• conjugation and plsmogamy take place
• dikaryotic hyphae formed again

Question 3

Mushroom anatomy

Answer 3

• pores
• lamella
• ring
• basal bulb

Question 4

Lifecycle of Mushroom

Answer 4

1. basidiospore - two different mating types
2. germinate to form primary mycelium
3. anastomosis - fusion to form mycelium with clamp connections
4. basidiocarp forms
5. lamellae contain the dikaryotic hyphae
6. basidia forms with clamp connections
7. karyogamy in the tips
8. 4 haploid nuclei
9. basidiospores form

Question 5

Importance

Answer 5

• mineralization of dead trees
• mushroom as food: Agaricus species

Question 6

Amanita phalloides

Answer 6

• toxic
• phalloidin and α-amantin
• damage to stomach and small intestine

Question 7

Amanita muscaria

Answer 7

• toxic
• not as severe
• convulsions, vertigo
• ibotenic acid, muscimol

Question 8

Coprinopsis atramentaria

Answer 8

• toxic
• coprin (accumulates people who drink wine)
• hot flushes, pounding headache, vomiting, metallic taste in mouth

Question 9

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 9

• opportunistic pathogen
• colonize lungs and CNS
• meningitis

Question 10

Ustilago maydis

Answer 10

• smut fungi
• plant pathogen
• grows in yeast phase

Question 11

Symbiotic relationship

Answer 11

• myccorhizas with plants
• increase plant’s competitive ability

Question 12

Microsporidia

Answer 12

• obligate parasite
• tubulin
• mitosomes

Question 13

Microsporidia Lifecycle

Answer 13

• spore with polartubule to infect
• sporongy inside the host
• becomes resistant spores
• host cell is filled with spores and then burst to release