Classification and Morphology Flashcards
Bacteria characteristics
- 1 circular chromosomes
- plasmids
- ester- linked phospholipids and hopanoids
- submicroscopic one protein fiber flagella
- peptidoglycan
- 70S ribosome
- gas vesicles
Archaea characteristics
- some histones
- 1 circular chromosome
- plasmids
- glycerol diethers
- submicroscopic multiple protein flagella
- 70S ribosome
- gas vesicles
Eukarya characteristics
- membrane-bound nucleus
- histones
- multiple, linear chromosomes
- introns
- nucleolus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER, golgi
- ester-linked phospholipids and sterols
- microscopic, membrane-bound flagella
- 80S ribosome
- lysosome, cytoskeleton
- mitosis and meiosis
Epidemiology
who/what it infects
Physiology
chemical reactions in the organism
Natural Classification
- organisms that share similar traits
- better for plants and animals
Polyphasic taxonomy
classify microbes by phenetics, phylogenetics and genotype
Phenetic
phenotype (morphology, physiology)
Phylogenetic
compare evolutionary relationships by using the ribosomal gene structure.
- 18S rRNA for eukaryotes
- 16S rRNA for prokaryotes
Genotypic
compare genetic similarity of single genes or whole genome.
70% homology = similarity
Type strain
-first strain of the species with distinguishing characteristics
- all other strains in the species compared to this one
Biovars
strains that differ on basis of biochemistry and physiology
Morphovars
strains that differ in morphology
Morphological characteristics
- cell shape and size: stained bacterial smear, light microscope
- ultrastructural characteristics: TEM
- colonial morphology and colour
- staining behaviour
- cilia and flagella
- motility: gliding bacteria, spriochetes
- endospore shape and location
- spore morphology and location
- cellular inclusions
