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Micros 244 > Firmicutes: Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria > Flashcards

Firmicutes: Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Peptidoglycan Structure differences

A

number of interpeptide bridges between glycan chains

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2
Q

Endospore Production

A
  • heat-resistant
  • germinates in optimal growth conditions
  • location and size used to identify bacteria
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3
Q

Class Clostridia

A
  • anaerobic
  • endospore
  • food spoilage
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4
Q

Clostridium Stickland Process

A
  • survive heat treatment of canned food
  • fermentation, ATP produced
  • forms: ammonium, H2S, fatty acids, amines
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5
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

botulism
respiratory muscle paralysis

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6
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  • lockjaw
  • affects nervous system
  • painful muscle contractions
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7
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A
  • gas-gangrene and food poisoning
  • toxins that cause necrosis
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8
Q

Clostridium acetobutylicum

A
  • butanol production
  • useful
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9
Q

2 Orders of Class Bacilli

A
  • Bacillales
  • Lactobacillales
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10
Q

5

Genus Bacillus

A
  • endospore
  • chemoheterotrophic rods
  • peritrichous flagella if motile
  • aerobe / facultative aerobe
  • catalase +
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11
Q

antibiotics

Impact of Genus Bacillus

A
  • bacitracin
  • gramicidin
  • polymyxin
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12
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A
  • anthrax
  • skin ulcers
  • in soil
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13
Q

Bacillus cereus

A
  • food poisoning
  • β-haemolysis
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14
Q

2 Useful Bacillus species

A
  • Bacillus thuringiensis
  • Bacillus sphaericus
  • parasporal body in sporangium
  • toxic to some insects
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15
Q

Which Family does not superficially fit into the Order Bacillalles?

A

Family Staphylococcus

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16
Q

6

Genus Staphylococcus

A
  • facultative anaerobe
  • non-motile
  • cocci
  • irregular clumps of cells
  • oxidase -
  • catalase +
17
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

wound infections

18
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A
  • abscesses, pneumonia
  • food poisoning
  • nose mucous membrane, skin and digestive system of warm-blooded animals
19
Q

2 Resistant S.aureus strains

A
  • Meticillin RSA
  • Vancomycin RSA
  • Both are resistant to multiple drugs
20
Q

How is S.aureus distinguished from S.epidermidis?

A

presence of coagulase:
- causes blood plasma to gel
- β-haemolysis

21
Q

7

Order Lactobacillales

A
  • grow together with yeast
  • non-sporulating
  • non-motile
  • fermentation
  • no cytochromes
  • energy from sub-level phos
  • facultative anaerobes
22
Q

Genus Lactobacillus

A
  • rods
  • no catalase
  • not usually pathogenic
23
Q

Lactobacillus

Homolactic fermentation

A

EM pathway (lactic acid and energy)

24
Q

Lactobacillus

Heterolactic fermentation

A

phosphoketolase pathway (lactate and ethanol produced)

25
Q

Lactobacillus

A
  • fermented foods and drinks
  • sometimes food spoilage
26
Q

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

A

flavour and aroma of yoghurt

27
Q

Genus Leuconostoc

A
  • facultative anaerobe
  • cocci
  • pairs or in chains
  • no catalase or cytochromes
  • plants, silage and milk
  • heterolactic ferm: glucose to D-lactate and ethanol or acetic acid
28
Q

Impact of Genus Leuconostoca

A
  • fermented foods and drinks
  • osmotolerant
  • food spoilage of high sugar foods
29
Q

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

A

produce dextran from sucrose

30
Q

Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Lactococcus

A
  • closely related genera
  • chemoheterotrophic
  • mesophilic
  • non-sporulating
31
Q

Identification for Ent, Strep, Lacto

A
  • ability to lyse red blood cells
  • serological studies: different cell wall antigens on different strains
32
Q

α-Haemolysis (Ent, Strep, Lacto)

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • greenish zone
  • incomplete haemolysis
33
Q

β-Haemolysis (Ent, Strep, Lacto)

A
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • clear zone
  • complete haemolysis
34
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

sore throat
rheumatic fever

35
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

tooth decay

36
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

pneumonia

37
Q

Lactococcus lactis

A
  • useful
  • production of cheese

Micros 244 (15 decks)

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