Fungi and Parasites

Question 1

What does saprobes mean?
What do symbionts mean?
What do commensals mean?

Answer 1

• fungi that live on dead or decaying matter
• mutual advantage with host
• fungi benefit, host does not benefit and is not harmed (parasites harmed)

Question 2

What is the fungi cell wall made of?

What is the cholesterol found in the fungal cell membrane called?

Answer 2

• Chitin

- ergosterol

Question 3

What is a yeast?

-What is a mold?

Answer 3

• unicellular organism that reproduces by budding or fission (cryptococcus neoformans)
• multicellular, filaments consisting of hyphae. (Aspergillus species)

Question 4

What is hyphae only present in?

What is pseudohyphae present in?

Answer 4

• Mold

- in yeast

Question 5

What are septate and aseptate present in ?

What is a dimorph that we should know?

Answer 5

• mold

- Coccidioides immitis

Question 6

What is the agar for fungi?

Answer 6

• Sabouraud dextrose agar; can ID conidia

Question 7

What are the symptoms of Malassezia furfur?

Where is it mostly found?

Answer 7

• a superficial mycoses (superficial layers) present on skin where sebaceous glands are present and cause either hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation.
• in tropical areas

Question 8

What fungi presents looking like a “spaghetti and meatballs on microscopic examination of a skin scraping?
Where is tinea barbae found?

Answer 8

• Pityriasis versicolor

- beard

Question 9

Where is Tinea coporis found?

Where is Tinea cruris found?

Answer 9

• smooth skin (hairless trunk)- AKA “ring worm”

- in the groin

Question 10

Where is Tinea unguium found?

How can you differentiate between Tinea capitis and S. aureus?

Answer 10

• in the nails

- Flouresent light (wood lamp) will cause Tinea capitis to fluoresce.

Question 11

What is the difference between Protozoa and Metazoa parasites?
How does protozoa acquire simple nutritional requirements?

Answer 11

• protozoa are single celled and metazoa are multicellular

- Pinocytosis or phagocytosis

Question 12

What is a protozoa’s protective measure of survival?

What are trophozoites?

Answer 12

• Cyst form- survival in harsh conditions- not metabolically active and can evade immune system
• Trophozoites are specific for protoaza is the replicative form

Question 13

• What is an amoeba with bloody diarrhea?

Answer 13

• Entamoeba

Question 14

• What is the transmission of Giardia lamblia?

- What are the symptoms of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 14

• fecal-oral through contaminated water

- malabsorption of food —> steatorhhea/ diarrhea

Question 15

What are the 2 types of protozoa that move via flagellates?

Answer 15

• Trichomonas vainalis (STD - discharge, itching) and Giardia lamblia

Question 16

What is the #1 cause of AIDS associated diarrhea in the US?

How is it transmitted? Symptoms?

Answer 16

• Cryptosporidium
• Transmitted in water
• Watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting

Question 17

How is plasmodia transmitted?

What is the difference between uncomplicated Malaria vs. severe malarial anemia?

Answer 17

• Blood from malaria

- uncomplicated malaria: fever, chills, sweats, headaches, N&V; severe: anemia

Question 18

What causes Bebesia microti? Symptoms?

- What is diagnotic for Babesia microti?

Answer 18

Black-legged ticks. Malaise, chills, myalgia, anemia, fever; more severe night sweats, weight loss,
- MALTESE CROSS

Question 19

What nematode is for children with Nocturnal perianal pruitus (itching)?
What nematode causes whipworm?

Answer 19

• Enterobius vermicularis

- Trichuris trichiura - leads to blood diarrhea and anemia, —> Barrel shaped eggs

Question 20

What metazoa (multicellular) is found in undercooked raw crab or crayfish in Asia, Africa, India, and Latin America, and present with eggs in bloody sputum?

Answer 20

• Paragonimus westermani

Question 21

What is a cestode that is found in undercooked pork? What can it present with?
What Cestode can be found in undercooked beef?
What Cestode can be found in undercooked fish?

Answer 21

• Taenia solium can lead to Cysticercosis
• Taenia saginata
• Diphyllobothrium latum