Fungi

Question 1

Cellulose

Answer 1

polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain

most abundant organic polymer

90% of cotton fiber

Question 2

hemicellulose

Answer 2

polsacchride comprising of 20% of the biomass of plants

has shorter branched chains

Question 3

lignings

Answer 3

cross-linke phenolic polymers

what makes cell wall rigid

Question 4

brown rot fungi can digest _____ can’t digest ___and leaves behind ______

Answer 4

brown fungi can digest cellulose and hemicellulose but can’t digest lignin and leaves behind cubic breakdown

Question 5

white rot fungi can digest _____

Answer 5

all!

Question 6

what would the world be like if there was no fungi

Answer 6

if there was no fungi breaking down plants, dead plants would fill up the earth

Question 7

Story of Peat

Answer 7

peat is very acidic and made the water acidic during carboniferous era

fungi doesn’t do well in acid

carboniferous era = no fungi = made lots of coal

Question 8

How can fungi take apart a tree?

Answer 8

Hyphae have a SA to volume ratio and secretes digestive enzyme out. Absorbs nutrition after

Question 9

why doesn’t fungi like dry places?

Answer 9

they dry out fast bc they have a large SA to volume ratio

Question 10

Saprobes

Answer 10

decomposers that break down dead organic matter

important for nutrient cycling

Question 11

how to fungi forage ?

Answer 11

they grow into new areas

Question 12

the mushroom is the___ structure. it is the _____ variation of fungi

Answer 12

fruiting structure, morphological variation of fungi

Question 13

Basic fungal life cycle

Answer 13

haplontic
no gametes
spore

Question 14

fungi are predacious bc they can _____

Answer 14

penetrate into animal hosts

Question 15

Mychorrhizae

Answer 15

symbiosis :
plants absorb more nutrients
fungus is getting carbon from plant

Question 16

synapomorphy of fungi

Answer 16

absorptive nutrition and chitin in cell walls

Question 17

fungi is part of ____ family

Answer 17

opisokonts (flagellum is single and posterior

Question 18

Microsporodia are intracellular or extracellular parasites?

Answer 18

intracellular, they live inside of cells

Question 19

who does microsporidia infect?`

Answer 19

they infect arthropods and vertebrates

Question 20

Chytrids are monophyletic t/f

Answer 20

false

Question 21

importance of chytrids?

Answer 21

caused amphibian decline

Question 22

how does chytrids get into the host?

Answer 22

they penetrate through wet skin

Question 23

cryptocomata.. if crypto means hidden, how did they discover them?

Answer 23

they were discovered through genomic sequences

Question 24

how do cryptocomata feed? chitin?

Answer 24

they attach to or engulf or live in other cells to feed by phagocytosis

they don’t have chitin on their cell wall so that they can engulf

Question 25

Dikarya

Answer 25

a fungi synapomorphy where a the dikaryon is a ploidy of n+n

Question 26

Ascomycota

Answer 26

largest group of fungi

Question 27

how many spores foes ascomcotahave?

Answer 27

8 on the inside

Question 28

what fruiting bodies does ascomucota have?

Answer 28

morels and truffles

Question 29

what are mitospores and an example?

Answer 29

mitospores are spores made through mitosis

aesexual spores

example is conidophores

Question 30

how many spores does basidiomycota have?

Answer 30

4 and they are on the outside

Question 31

some basidiomycota don’t make fruiting bodies what are some examples?

Answer 31

smut fungi and rust fungi

Question 32

Fruiting bodies (mushroom) represent what?

Answer 32

sexual reproductiom

Question 33

why does fruiting body go underground?

Answer 33

to avoid desiccation

Question 34

how are the spores of fungi with strictly fruiting bodies disersed?

Answer 34

through animals

Question 35

Yeast does not have?

Answer 35

fruiting bodies

Question 36

yeast use chemicals for their energy and glucose for carbon therefore they are

Answer 36

chemoorganotrophs

Question 37

explain the mutualism between mycorrizhae and fungi

Answer 37

the plant gives carbon to fungi (through form of glucose)

the fungi gives minerals and water

Question 38

ants farm fungi

Answer 38

extreme: mutualism where if the ant leaves the fungi will die

Question 39

what type of mutualism happen in lichens?

Answer 39

asycomyta and algae or cyanobacteria have a mutualism relationship

the fungi is obligate dependent and photobiont is not obligate dependent

Question 40

reindeers eat lichens and breakdown what?

Answer 40

reindeers are able to break down the starch in lichens because they have lichenase

Question 41

why would fungi be a good place to look for a naturally occurring anti bacterial agent?

Answer 41

since they compete with bacteria, they might have an antibacerial

Question 42

con of fungi eating human food

Answer 42

-fungi consumes a lot of human food and we can’t fumigate to kill them bc its hazardous to humans

Question 43

rice blast diseasa

Answer 43

caused by magnaoorthe grisea

-it develops resistance and spread quickly

Question 44

Rye infection

Answer 44

caused by fungi clavicles

-causes neurotropic effects and treatment for Parkinson’s disease

Question 45

cordyceps

Answer 45

zombie fungi

they attach to anthropoids and take control of behavior

ex: death cap phalloides

Question 46

fungi are important in diet bc

Answer 46

they make food like so sauce but they need to watched carefully because they can be toxic

Question 47

pathogenicity (meaning and examples)

Answer 47

an organisms ability to invade the host and cause disease by overcoming host defenses

ex:
- bagpiper’s lung
- ringworm skin infection
- hard to find targets for fungi bc closely relate to animals