Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Cellulose

A

polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain

most abundant organic polymer

90% of cotton fiber

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2
Q

hemicellulose

A

polsacchride comprising of 20% of the biomass of plants

has shorter branched chains

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3
Q

lignings

A

cross-linke phenolic polymers

what makes cell wall rigid

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4
Q

brown rot fungi can digest _____ can’t digest ___and leaves behind ______

A

brown fungi can digest cellulose and hemicellulose but can’t digest lignin and leaves behind cubic breakdown

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5
Q

white rot fungi can digest _____

A

all!

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6
Q

what would the world be like if there was no fungi

A

if there was no fungi breaking down plants, dead plants would fill up the earth

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7
Q

Story of Peat

A

peat is very acidic and made the water acidic during carboniferous era

fungi doesn’t do well in acid

carboniferous era = no fungi = made lots of coal

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8
Q

How can fungi take apart a tree?

A

Hyphae have a SA to volume ratio and secretes digestive enzyme out. Absorbs nutrition after

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9
Q

why doesn’t fungi like dry places?

A

they dry out fast bc they have a large SA to volume ratio

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10
Q

Saprobes

A

decomposers that break down dead organic matter

important for nutrient cycling

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11
Q

how to fungi forage ?

A

they grow into new areas

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12
Q

the mushroom is the___ structure. it is the _____ variation of fungi

A

fruiting structure, morphological variation of fungi

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13
Q

Basic fungal life cycle

A

haplontic
no gametes
spore

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14
Q

fungi are predacious bc they can _____

A

penetrate into animal hosts

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15
Q

Mychorrhizae

A

symbiosis :
plants absorb more nutrients
fungus is getting carbon from plant

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16
Q

synapomorphy of fungi

A

absorptive nutrition and chitin in cell walls

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17
Q

fungi is part of ____ family

A

opisokonts (flagellum is single and posterior

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18
Q

Microsporodia are intracellular or extracellular parasites?

A

intracellular, they live inside of cells

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19
Q

who does microsporidia infect?`

A

they infect arthropods and vertebrates

20
Q

Chytrids are monophyletic t/f

21
Q

importance of chytrids?

A

caused amphibian decline

22
Q

how does chytrids get into the host?

A

they penetrate through wet skin

23
Q

cryptocomata.. if crypto means hidden, how did they discover them?

A

they were discovered through genomic sequences

24
Q

how do cryptocomata feed? chitin?

A

they attach to or engulf or live in other cells to feed by phagocytosis

they don’t have chitin on their cell wall so that they can engulf

25
Dikarya
a fungi synapomorphy where a the dikaryon is a ploidy of n+n
26
Ascomycota
largest group of fungi
27
how many spores foes ascomcotahave?
8 on the inside
28
what fruiting bodies does ascomucota have?
morels and truffles
29
what are mitospores and an example?
mitospores are spores made through mitosis aesexual spores example is conidophores
30
how many spores does basidiomycota have?
4 and they are on the outside
31
some basidiomycota don't make fruiting bodies what are some examples?
smut fungi and rust fungi
32
Fruiting bodies (mushroom) represent what?
sexual reproductiom
33
why does fruiting body go underground?
to avoid desiccation
34
how are the spores of fungi with strictly fruiting bodies disersed?
through animals
35
Yeast does not have?
fruiting bodies
36
yeast use chemicals for their energy and glucose for carbon therefore they are
chemoorganotrophs
37
explain the mutualism between mycorrizhae and fungi
the plant gives carbon to fungi (through form of glucose) the fungi gives minerals and water
38
ants farm fungi
extreme: mutualism where if the ant leaves the fungi will die
39
what type of mutualism happen in lichens?
asycomyta and algae or cyanobacteria have a mutualism relationship the fungi is obligate dependent and photobiont is not obligate dependent
40
reindeers eat lichens and breakdown what?
reindeers are able to break down the starch in lichens because they have lichenase
41
why would fungi be a good place to look for a naturally occurring anti bacterial agent?
since they compete with bacteria, they might have an antibacerial
42
con of fungi eating human food
-fungi consumes a lot of human food and we can't fumigate to kill them bc its hazardous to humans
43
rice blast diseasa
caused by magnaoorthe grisea | -it develops resistance and spread quickly
44
Rye infection
caused by fungi clavicles | -causes neurotropic effects and treatment for Parkinson's disease
45
cordyceps
zombie fungi they attach to anthropoids and take control of behavior ex: death cap phalloides
46
fungi are important in diet bc
they make food like so sauce but they need to watched carefully because they can be toxic
47
pathogenicity (meaning and examples)
an organisms ability to invade the host and cause disease by overcoming host defenses ex: - bagpiper's lung - ringworm skin infection - hard to find targets for fungi bc closely relate to animals