Fungi Flashcards
Cellulose
polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain
most abundant organic polymer
90% of cotton fiber
hemicellulose
polsacchride comprising of 20% of the biomass of plants
has shorter branched chains
lignings
cross-linke phenolic polymers
what makes cell wall rigid
brown rot fungi can digest _____ can’t digest ___and leaves behind ______
brown fungi can digest cellulose and hemicellulose but can’t digest lignin and leaves behind cubic breakdown
white rot fungi can digest _____
all!
what would the world be like if there was no fungi
if there was no fungi breaking down plants, dead plants would fill up the earth
Story of Peat
peat is very acidic and made the water acidic during carboniferous era
fungi doesn’t do well in acid
carboniferous era = no fungi = made lots of coal
How can fungi take apart a tree?
Hyphae have a SA to volume ratio and secretes digestive enzyme out. Absorbs nutrition after
why doesn’t fungi like dry places?
they dry out fast bc they have a large SA to volume ratio
Saprobes
decomposers that break down dead organic matter
important for nutrient cycling
how to fungi forage ?
they grow into new areas
the mushroom is the___ structure. it is the _____ variation of fungi
fruiting structure, morphological variation of fungi
Basic fungal life cycle
haplontic
no gametes
spore
fungi are predacious bc they can _____
penetrate into animal hosts
Mychorrhizae
symbiosis :
plants absorb more nutrients
fungus is getting carbon from plant
synapomorphy of fungi
absorptive nutrition and chitin in cell walls
fungi is part of ____ family
opisokonts (flagellum is single and posterior
Microsporodia are intracellular or extracellular parasites?
intracellular, they live inside of cells
who does microsporidia infect?`
they infect arthropods and vertebrates
Chytrids are monophyletic t/f
false
importance of chytrids?
caused amphibian decline
how does chytrids get into the host?
they penetrate through wet skin
cryptocomata.. if crypto means hidden, how did they discover them?
they were discovered through genomic sequences
how do cryptocomata feed? chitin?
they attach to or engulf or live in other cells to feed by phagocytosis
they don’t have chitin on their cell wall so that they can engulf
Dikarya
a fungi synapomorphy where a the dikaryon is a ploidy of n+n
Ascomycota
largest group of fungi
how many spores foes ascomcotahave?
8 on the inside
what fruiting bodies does ascomucota have?
morels and truffles
what are mitospores and an example?
mitospores are spores made through mitosis
aesexual spores
example is conidophores
how many spores does basidiomycota have?
4 and they are on the outside
some basidiomycota don’t make fruiting bodies what are some examples?
smut fungi and rust fungi
Fruiting bodies (mushroom) represent what?
sexual reproductiom
why does fruiting body go underground?
to avoid desiccation
how are the spores of fungi with strictly fruiting bodies disersed?
through animals
Yeast does not have?
fruiting bodies
yeast use chemicals for their energy and glucose for carbon therefore they are
chemoorganotrophs
explain the mutualism between mycorrizhae and fungi
the plant gives carbon to fungi (through form of glucose)
the fungi gives minerals and water
ants farm fungi
extreme: mutualism where if the ant leaves the fungi will die
what type of mutualism happen in lichens?
asycomyta and algae or cyanobacteria have a mutualism relationship
the fungi is obligate dependent and photobiont is not obligate dependent
reindeers eat lichens and breakdown what?
reindeers are able to break down the starch in lichens because they have lichenase
why would fungi be a good place to look for a naturally occurring anti bacterial agent?
since they compete with bacteria, they might have an antibacerial
con of fungi eating human food
-fungi consumes a lot of human food and we can’t fumigate to kill them bc its hazardous to humans
rice blast diseasa
caused by magnaoorthe grisea
-it develops resistance and spread quickly
Rye infection
caused by fungi clavicles
-causes neurotropic effects and treatment for Parkinson’s disease
cordyceps
zombie fungi
they attach to anthropoids and take control of behavior
ex: death cap phalloides
fungi are important in diet bc
they make food like so sauce but they need to watched carefully because they can be toxic
pathogenicity (meaning and examples)
an organisms ability to invade the host and cause disease by overcoming host defenses
ex:
- bagpiper’s lung
- ringworm skin infection
- hard to find targets for fungi bc closely relate to animals
