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Bis 2c > Animals > Flashcards

Animals Flashcards

1
Q

choanoflagalleters and sponges use a choanocyte.. what’s a choanocyte?

A

a choanocyte is a collar of microvilli used for locomotion and feeding

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2
Q

tight junction

A

movement of dissolved materials through the space between cells

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3
Q

desmosomes

A

stronger hold between two cells in comparison to tight junctions but material can still move around the cell

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4
Q

gap junctions

A

allow communication between the cells

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5
Q

whats the difference between adult and larvae sponges?

A

adult sponges are sessile while the larvae is motile (free swimming)

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6
Q

what kind of feeder are sponges?

A

they’re filter feeders

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7
Q

do sponges have a gut cavity?

A

no

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8
Q

pinacocyte (sponge cell)

A

outside cell

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9
Q

collenocyte ( sponge cell)

A

gives stiffness

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10
Q

archaeocyte (sponge cell)

A

can migrate around the sponge

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11
Q

meshy (sponge cell)

A

non living

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12
Q

how can flagellum push lots of water out?

A

principle of continuity : reduce the cross sectional area of the outflow increases velocity

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13
Q

how does principle of continuity apply to sponges?

A

they have many inputs with less out puts

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14
Q

what is the con of sponge getting bigger?

A

food is filtered inside through the walls and if its big theres a big dead space because the volume is larger than the SA

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15
Q

Aquiferous system

3 types
asconoid
sycanoid
leucanoiid

A

asconoid are small and rain drop shaped

syconoid has folds so the cell wall can filter more food

leuconoid has chamber to chamber for efficient filtering

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16
Q

what supports the living tissue of sponge body

A

glass and fibers

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17
Q

the mesoglea of the polyp is like our

A

ECM : it is in-between the gatrodermis and epidermis

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18
Q

why can various polyp form with a medusa?

A

one genotype can have multiple body forms

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19
Q

polyp can divide to make both

A

colony and clones

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20
Q

how does a polyp make clones?

A

buds detach after branching out or poly goes through fissin

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21
Q

how does a polyp make a colony?

A

buds branch off of the side and all the guts are still connected to each other

since it permits food sharing, they are able to specialize

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22
Q

when polyp fight for space on a hard surface what do they do?

A

it wipes stinging cells to non genetic same clone

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23
Q

how are medusa formed and what’s their main purpose

A

medusa are formed through binary fission, on the other hand their main purpose is to mate

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24
Q

life cycle of hydrozoa

A

male produces sperm and female produces egg

planula larva settles on ground and goes through metamorphosis to a polyp

polyp will have bb medusa

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25
Q

life cycle of Scyphozoa

A

STROBILATION

male and female make fertilized egg

planula larva settles to ground and to make a medusa a slice of poly has to slice off

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26
Q

Anthozoa

A

makes polyps only

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27
Q

cuboza

A

cube or box jellies

28
Q

cuboza are very sting toxic group for example..

A

it can kill bigger fish but can’t kill clown fishbc of their protective coating (now used by humans)

29
Q

some cubozas have ___

A

eyes

30
Q

ctenophores

A

have complete gut

unusual bc body is propelled by cilia in rows

31
Q

why does ctenophores have cnitocytes inside?

A

it came from the jellies it eats

32
Q

ectoderm becomes?

A

epidermis

33
Q

endoderm becomes

A

gastrodermis

34
Q

mesoderm becomes

A

parenchyma and mesechyma

35
Q

which layer of tissue is the mesoderm?

A

third

36
Q

how is a true mesoderm derived?

A

it needs to come from the endoderm

endoderm cells bud off and sits in blastoceal around the gut

37
Q

what tissue makes organs?

A

mesoderm

38
Q

aceolomate

A

no cavity (gut is the only cavity)

39
Q

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are protostomes meaning?

A

the mouth forms on blastapore

40
Q

Tapeworm

A

have no guts or head

gets nutrients from host

41
Q

Flukes occupy 2 hosts… explain the life cycle

A

they have multiple aesexual stages

they occupy snail and a vertebrate

goats eat larvae from grass and poops it out then egg will come out of poop and go into water. the larva will hatch out and swims to meet snail to asexually reproduce in

  • exits snail tissue and swims to grass and waits to be eaten
  • exits snail and fish eats it for human to eat
42
Q

why is so hard to wipe out flukes?

A

bc its hard to keep track of where they are ex: we can’t kill all snails

43
Q

Schistomosaisis

A

fluke life cycle human to snail

44
Q

coelom is the ?

A

cavity inside mesoderm = where our guts are

45
Q

Annelida “the little rings” live in both____ but it needs to be ___

A

water nd land, moist

46
Q

what are the two body types of annelida

A 
polychaete = many bristly
oligochaete = few bristle
47
Q

explain the segmentation of annelida (Metamerism)

A

each contains locomotory, reproductory, excretory, and respiration

but the gut isn’t repeated, runs along the segments

48
Q

where are the oldest vs younger segmentation

A

oldest towards head, younger towards anus

49
Q

why do burrowing worms not have a lot of sensory tentacles?

A

in roder to burrow they have to go through small spaces so its better if they have less sensory tentacles (they need to be sleek

50
Q

How does a segmented body develop?

A

trochophore larva becomes worm and new segments form from pygidium with its own mesodermal bands

51
Q

what separates each segment?

A

septum

52
Q

how does locomotion of worms happen?

A

contraction of circular muscle = elongation
contraction of longtidunal = shorter

septum allows each segment to contract by itseld

53
Q

clitellum:

A

thickened band in the middle of body that secretes cocoon

54
Q

Mollusca’s 4 features

A

1) trochophore larvae
2) Mantle
3) foot
4) radula

55
Q

polyplacophora

A

chiton

56
Q

grastropods

A

snails.. torsion

57
Q

Cephalopoda

A

squid, octopus

predator and external digestion

mantle allows it to be very fast and (chromatophores) for color change

shell is reduced

58
Q

Bivalvia

A

clams and oysters

no radula
food and water brought into siphon

59
Q

nematodes

A

have cuticles

60
Q

invagination vs evagination

A
  • invagination: inward growth of cuticle
    • Makes joints and trachea
  • Evaginations: outward growth of cuticle
    • Produce wings and appendages
      • Appendages: hardened wing covers
61
Q

Echinoderms synapamorphy

A

water vascular system

walking tube feet = stiffen
fluid opposed by muscles by having valve

62
Q

how do echinoderms grow

A

collagen loosens

63
Q

describe sea star aesexual reproduction of sea stars

A

can grow back a leg if piece of oral disk is present

64
Q

whats the synapomorphy of chordates?

A

notochord
dorsal tubular nerve chord
post anal tail
endosty/thyroid

65
Q

where do lungs come from?

A

pocket of digestive track

66
Q

swim bladder evolved from?

A

lungs

67
Q

can you have lungs and gills?

A

yes

Bis 2c (7 decks)

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