Animals

Question 1

choanoflagalleters and sponges use a choanocyte.. what’s a choanocyte?

Answer 1

a choanocyte is a collar of microvilli used for locomotion and feeding

Question 2

tight junction

Answer 2

movement of dissolved materials through the space between cells

Question 3

desmosomes

Answer 3

stronger hold between two cells in comparison to tight junctions but material can still move around the cell

Question 4

gap junctions

Answer 4

allow communication between the cells

Question 5

whats the difference between adult and larvae sponges?

Answer 5

adult sponges are sessile while the larvae is motile (free swimming)

Question 6

what kind of feeder are sponges?

Answer 6

they’re filter feeders

Question 7

do sponges have a gut cavity?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

pinacocyte (sponge cell)

Answer 8

outside cell

Question 9

collenocyte ( sponge cell)

Answer 9

gives stiffness

Question 10

archaeocyte (sponge cell)

Answer 10

can migrate around the sponge

Question 11

meshy (sponge cell)

Answer 11

non living

Question 12

how can flagellum push lots of water out?

Answer 12

principle of continuity : reduce the cross sectional area of the outflow increases velocity

Question 13

how does principle of continuity apply to sponges?

Answer 13

they have many inputs with less out puts

Question 14

what is the con of sponge getting bigger?

Answer 14

food is filtered inside through the walls and if its big theres a big dead space because the volume is larger than the SA

Question 15

Aquiferous system

3 types
asconoid
sycanoid
leucanoiid

Answer 15

asconoid are small and rain drop shaped

syconoid has folds so the cell wall can filter more food

leuconoid has chamber to chamber for efficient filtering

Question 16

what supports the living tissue of sponge body

Answer 16

glass and fibers

Question 17

the mesoglea of the polyp is like our

Answer 17

ECM : it is in-between the gatrodermis and epidermis

Question 18

why can various polyp form with a medusa?

Answer 18

one genotype can have multiple body forms

Question 19

polyp can divide to make both

Answer 19

colony and clones

Question 20

how does a polyp make clones?

Answer 20

buds detach after branching out or poly goes through fissin

Question 21

how does a polyp make a colony?

Answer 21

buds branch off of the side and all the guts are still connected to each other

since it permits food sharing, they are able to specialize

Question 22

when polyp fight for space on a hard surface what do they do?

Answer 22

it wipes stinging cells to non genetic same clone

Question 23

how are medusa formed and what’s their main purpose

Answer 23

medusa are formed through binary fission, on the other hand their main purpose is to mate

Question 24

life cycle of hydrozoa

Answer 24

male produces sperm and female produces egg

planula larva settles on ground and goes through metamorphosis to a polyp

polyp will have bb medusa

Question 25

life cycle of Scyphozoa

Answer 25

STROBILATION male and female make fertilized egg planula larva settles to ground and to make a medusa a slice of poly has to slice off

Question 26

Anthozoa

Answer 26

makes polyps only

Question 27

cuboza

Answer 27

cube or box jellies

Question 28

cuboza are very sting toxic group for example..

Answer 28

it can kill bigger fish but can't kill clown fishbc of their protective coating (now used by humans)

Question 29

some cubozas have ___

Answer 29

eyes

Question 30

ctenophores

Answer 30

have complete gut | unusual bc body is propelled by cilia in rows

Question 31

why does ctenophores have cnitocytes inside?

Answer 31

it came from the jellies it eats

Question 32

ectoderm becomes?

Answer 32

epidermis

Question 33

endoderm becomes

Answer 33

gastrodermis

Question 34

mesoderm becomes

Answer 34

parenchyma and mesechyma

Question 35

which layer of tissue is the mesoderm?

Answer 35

third

Question 36

how is a true mesoderm derived?

Answer 36

it needs to come from the endoderm endoderm cells bud off and sits in blastoceal around the gut

Question 37

what tissue makes organs?

Answer 37

mesoderm

Question 38

aceolomate

Answer 38

no cavity (gut is the only cavity)

Question 39

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are protostomes meaning?

Answer 39

the mouth forms on blastapore

Question 40

Tapeworm

Answer 40

have no guts or head | gets nutrients from host

Question 41

Flukes occupy 2 hosts... explain the life cycle

Answer 41

they have multiple aesexual stages they occupy snail and a vertebrate goats eat larvae from grass and poops it out then egg will come out of poop and go into water. the larva will hatch out and swims to meet snail to asexually reproduce in - exits snail tissue and swims to grass and waits to be eaten - exits snail and fish eats it for human to eat

Question 42

why is so hard to wipe out flukes?

Answer 42

bc its hard to keep track of where they are ex: we can't kill all snails

Question 43

Schistomosaisis

Answer 43

fluke life cycle human to snail

Question 44

coelom is the ?

Answer 44

cavity inside mesoderm = where our guts are

Question 45

Annelida "the little rings" live in both____ but it needs to be ___

Answer 45

water nd land, moist

Question 46

what are the two body types of annelida

Answer 46

``` polychaete = many bristly oligochaete = few bristle ```

Question 47

explain the segmentation of annelida (Metamerism)

Answer 47

each contains locomotory, reproductory, excretory, and respiration but the gut isn't repeated, runs along the segments

Question 48

where are the oldest vs younger segmentation

Answer 48

oldest towards head, younger towards anus

Question 49

why do burrowing worms not have a lot of sensory tentacles?

Answer 49

in roder to burrow they have to go through small spaces so its better if they have less sensory tentacles (they need to be sleek

Question 50

How does a segmented body develop?

Answer 50

trochophore larva becomes worm and new segments form from pygidium with its own mesodermal bands

Question 51

what separates each segment?

Answer 51

septum

Question 52

how does locomotion of worms happen?

Answer 52

contraction of circular muscle = elongation contraction of longtidunal = shorter septum allows each segment to contract by itseld

Question 53

clitellum:

Answer 53

thickened band in the middle of body that secretes cocoon

Question 54

Mollusca's 4 features

Answer 54

1) trochophore larvae 2) Mantle 3) foot 4) radula

Question 55

polyplacophora

Answer 55

chiton

Question 56

grastropods

Answer 56

snails.. torsion

Question 57

Cephalopoda

Answer 57

squid, octopus predator and external digestion mantle allows it to be very fast and (chromatophores) for color change shell is reduced

Question 58

Bivalvia

Answer 58

clams and oysters no radula food and water brought into siphon

Question 59

nematodes

Answer 59

have cuticles

Question 60

invagination vs evagination

Answer 60

* invagination: inward growth of cuticle * Makes joints and trachea * Evaginations: outward growth of cuticle * Produce wings and appendages * Appendages: hardened wing covers

Question 61

Echinoderms synapamorphy

Answer 61

water vascular system walking tube feet = stiffen fluid opposed by muscles by having valve

Question 62

how do echinoderms grow

Answer 62

collagen loosens

Question 63

describe sea star aesexual reproduction of sea stars

Answer 63

can grow back a leg if piece of oral disk is present

Question 64

whats the synapomorphy of chordates?

Answer 64

notochord dorsal tubular nerve chord post anal tail endosty/thyroid

Question 65

where do lungs come from?

Answer 65

pocket of digestive track

Question 66

swim bladder evolved from?

Answer 66

lungs

Question 67

can you have lungs and gills?

Answer 67

yes