Animals Flashcards
choanoflagalleters and sponges use a choanocyte.. what’s a choanocyte?
a choanocyte is a collar of microvilli used for locomotion and feeding
tight junction
movement of dissolved materials through the space between cells
desmosomes
stronger hold between two cells in comparison to tight junctions but material can still move around the cell
gap junctions
allow communication between the cells
whats the difference between adult and larvae sponges?
adult sponges are sessile while the larvae is motile (free swimming)
what kind of feeder are sponges?
they’re filter feeders
do sponges have a gut cavity?
no
pinacocyte (sponge cell)
outside cell
collenocyte ( sponge cell)
gives stiffness
archaeocyte (sponge cell)
can migrate around the sponge
meshy (sponge cell)
non living
how can flagellum push lots of water out?
principle of continuity : reduce the cross sectional area of the outflow increases velocity
how does principle of continuity apply to sponges?
they have many inputs with less out puts
what is the con of sponge getting bigger?
food is filtered inside through the walls and if its big theres a big dead space because the volume is larger than the SA
Aquiferous system
3 types
asconoid
sycanoid
leucanoiid
asconoid are small and rain drop shaped
syconoid has folds so the cell wall can filter more food
leuconoid has chamber to chamber for efficient filtering
what supports the living tissue of sponge body
glass and fibers
the mesoglea of the polyp is like our
ECM : it is in-between the gatrodermis and epidermis
why can various polyp form with a medusa?
one genotype can have multiple body forms
polyp can divide to make both
colony and clones
how does a polyp make clones?
buds detach after branching out or poly goes through fissin
how does a polyp make a colony?
buds branch off of the side and all the guts are still connected to each other
since it permits food sharing, they are able to specialize
when polyp fight for space on a hard surface what do they do?
it wipes stinging cells to non genetic same clone
how are medusa formed and what’s their main purpose
medusa are formed through binary fission, on the other hand their main purpose is to mate
life cycle of hydrozoa
male produces sperm and female produces egg
planula larva settles on ground and goes through metamorphosis to a polyp
polyp will have bb medusa
life cycle of Scyphozoa
STROBILATION
male and female make fertilized egg
planula larva settles to ground and to make a medusa a slice of poly has to slice off
Anthozoa
makes polyps only
cuboza
cube or box jellies
cuboza are very sting toxic group for example..
it can kill bigger fish but can’t kill clown fishbc of their protective coating (now used by humans)
some cubozas have ___
eyes
ctenophores
have complete gut
unusual bc body is propelled by cilia in rows
why does ctenophores have cnitocytes inside?
it came from the jellies it eats
ectoderm becomes?
epidermis
endoderm becomes
gastrodermis
mesoderm becomes
parenchyma and mesechyma
which layer of tissue is the mesoderm?
third
how is a true mesoderm derived?
it needs to come from the endoderm
endoderm cells bud off and sits in blastoceal around the gut
what tissue makes organs?
mesoderm
aceolomate
no cavity (gut is the only cavity)
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are protostomes meaning?
the mouth forms on blastapore
Tapeworm
have no guts or head
gets nutrients from host
Flukes occupy 2 hosts… explain the life cycle
they have multiple aesexual stages
they occupy snail and a vertebrate
goats eat larvae from grass and poops it out then egg will come out of poop and go into water. the larva will hatch out and swims to meet snail to asexually reproduce in
- exits snail tissue and swims to grass and waits to be eaten
- exits snail and fish eats it for human to eat
why is so hard to wipe out flukes?
bc its hard to keep track of where they are ex: we can’t kill all snails
Schistomosaisis
fluke life cycle human to snail
coelom is the ?
cavity inside mesoderm = where our guts are
Annelida “the little rings” live in both____ but it needs to be ___
water nd land, moist
what are the two body types of annelida
polychaete = many bristly oligochaete = few bristle
explain the segmentation of annelida (Metamerism)
each contains locomotory, reproductory, excretory, and respiration
but the gut isn’t repeated, runs along the segments
where are the oldest vs younger segmentation
oldest towards head, younger towards anus
why do burrowing worms not have a lot of sensory tentacles?
in roder to burrow they have to go through small spaces so its better if they have less sensory tentacles (they need to be sleek
How does a segmented body develop?
trochophore larva becomes worm and new segments form from pygidium with its own mesodermal bands
what separates each segment?
septum
how does locomotion of worms happen?
contraction of circular muscle = elongation
contraction of longtidunal = shorter
septum allows each segment to contract by itseld
clitellum:
thickened band in the middle of body that secretes cocoon
Mollusca’s 4 features
1) trochophore larvae
2) Mantle
3) foot
4) radula
polyplacophora
chiton
grastropods
snails.. torsion
Cephalopoda
squid, octopus
predator and external digestion
mantle allows it to be very fast and (chromatophores) for color change
shell is reduced
Bivalvia
clams and oysters
no radula
food and water brought into siphon
nematodes
have cuticles
invagination vs evagination
- invagination: inward growth of cuticle
- Makes joints and trachea
- Evaginations: outward growth of cuticle
- Produce wings and appendages
- Appendages: hardened wing covers
- Produce wings and appendages
Echinoderms synapamorphy
water vascular system
walking tube feet = stiffen
fluid opposed by muscles by having valve
how do echinoderms grow
collagen loosens
describe sea star aesexual reproduction of sea stars
can grow back a leg if piece of oral disk is present
whats the synapomorphy of chordates?
notochord
dorsal tubular nerve chord
post anal tail
endosty/thyroid
where do lungs come from?
pocket of digestive track
swim bladder evolved from?
lungs
can you have lungs and gills?
yes
