Fungi

Question 1

Malassezia furfur (Tinea versicolor)

Answer 1

Superficial
Hot humid weather
scaly patches on trunk-hyper/hypo-pigmented
Reservoir: skin flora
surfers/wetsuits
Treatment: topical antifingals
"spaghetti and meatballs"

Question 2

Dermatophytotes

Answer 2

secrete keratinase
Diagnose: slides and cultures
Treatment: topical creams, oral antifungal for severe/poor immune systems
raised borders with central clearing

Question 3

Ringworms

Answer 3

Trichophyton, epidermophyton, microsporum (cats &dogs)-wood’s light

Question 4

Tinea corporis

Answer 4

dermatophytote on body

Question 5

Tinea cruris

Answer 5

dermatophytote in groin/scrotum

obese very susceptible

Question 6

Tinea pedis

Answer 6

dermatophytote on feet

athletes foot

Question 7

Tinea capitits

Answer 7

dermatophytote on scalp

most often in children

Question 8

Tinha unguium (onychomycosis)

Answer 8

dermatophytote on nails

diabetics most susceptible

Question 9

Candida albicans

Answer 9

Cutaneous
Mouth: oral thrush, white exudates “swish and spit” preps
Vaginitis: cottage-cheese patches/discharge, treated with suppositories/oral
Groin: diaper rash, satellite lesions
Can cause opportunistic infections

Question 10

Esophagitis

Answer 10

Cutaneous
Candidiasis, opportunistic albicans
sub-sternal chest pain
cancer patients susceptible
Diagnose: Slides or cultures
Candida found on blood NOT normal
Treatment: IV anti fungal

Question 11

Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis)

Answer 11

Subcutaneous
in soil and on plants (rose thorns)
ulcerated lesions of the hand
gardeners at risk
Treatment: oral

Question 12

Histoplama capsulatum

Answer 12

Systemic endemic
Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
Bird and bat droppings in soil
mold spores>lungs, present as pulmonary
Diagnose: blood, tissue, urine
Treatment: itraconazole IF NEEDED
no prevention

Question 13

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Answer 13

Systemic endemic
Mississippi and Ohio river valleys &Great lakes
Soil and decomposing wood/leaves
asymptomatic
Disseminate to skin and bone
Diagnose: biopsy/PCR

Question 14

Coccidioides immitis

Answer 14

Systemic endemic
Valley fever/desert 
Southwest
Inhale spores, bigger risk near construction
Fever, cough, pneumonia, endospores in lung
Disseminates to brain and bone
Diagnose: CXR, sputum
Treatment: amphotericin B for severe

Question 15

Paracoccidioides

Answer 15

Systemic endemic
Brazil
ulcerated lesions on face

Question 16

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 16

Oppotunistic
Meningitis/lung infection
Soil with Pigeon droppings
Inhaled into lungs, can enter blood
Most life-threatening in AIDS
Diagnose: spinal fluid, serologic
Treatment: Fluconazole for suppression in AIDS
No prevention

Question 17

Aspergillus fumigatus

Answer 17

Opportunistic
Mold with spores
Decaying vegetation
Fungal ball in lung, invasive lung infection
Infection of eyes, ears, skin and lungs, colonize in burns
Diagnose: biopsy/cuture
Treatment: Systemic steroids, surgical removal, vorconazole
High mortality

Question 18

Mucormycosis

Answer 18

Rhizopus
opportunistic
Mold, not dimorphic
can enter blood and cause downstream infarction
Inhaled into sinuses, lungs, gut
Diabetics and burn victims highly susceptible
Treatment: surgery+anti fungal

Question 19

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Answer 19

Opportunistic
PCP/PJP
Yeast invades lungs
Latent stage persistency
lives in normal host w/out problems
Causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised
Most common infection in AIDS
Can treat with bacterium (inhibits folate synthesis)