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Foundations > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Group A Strep (Streptococcus pyrogenes)

A 
Gram+ 
catalyze neg
beta-hemolytic 
Disease: Strept throat (red swollen throat/tonsilsw/ white exudate, fever, cervical LAD)
rapid test (RADT)or culture
treated w/ penicillin
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2
Q

Group B Strep (streptococcus agalactiae)

A

Gram +
catalase neg
beta-hemolytic
disease: neonatal meningitis, pneumonia or sepsis

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3
Q

Group D Strep (Enterococcus)

A

Gram +
catalayse neg
variable hemolytic (mostly alpha)
disease: UTI, Biliary tract infection, endocarditis

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4
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

A 
Gram +
diplococci
catalayse neg
alpha-hemolytic
virulence:polysacharide capsule
disease: pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media
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5
Q

Viridians Strep

A

Gram+
catalayse neg
alpha-hemolytic(most)
disease: dental-S. mutans, endocarditis, abscesses

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6
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus

A 
Gram +
coagulase +
cocci clusters
catalyze +
beta-hemolytic
virulence: produces toxins-coag pos
disease: endocarditis, septic arthritis, toxic shock syndrome, H.A. PNA, surgical wound infection, folliculitis, cellulitis, impetigo, bacterial conjunctivitis
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7
Q

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)

A 
Gram +
coagulase +
cocci clusters
catalase +
beta-hemolytic
virulence: produces toxin, coat pos.
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8
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis

A 
Gram +
coagulase -
cocci clusters
catalase +
virulence: biofilm
disease: infection of urine catheters, prosthesis, etc
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9
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A 
Gram +
coagulase neg
cocci clusters
catalase +
disease: UTI
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10
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
aerobic
virulence: spore-forming, antiphagocytic capsule, exotoxin
disease: Anthrax
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11
Q

Bacillus Cereus

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
aerobic
virulence: spore forming, motile, exotoxin (enterotoxin)
disease: food poisoning (rice/grains)
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12
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
anaerobic
virulence: exotoxin
disease: botulism
honey w/ babies under 1
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13
Q

Clostridium tetani

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
anaerobic
virulence: exotoxin
disease: tetanus
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14
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
anaerobic
virulence: exotoxin
disease: "gas gangrene", cellulitis, myonecrosis, diarrhea
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15
Q

Clostridium defficile

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
anaerobic
virulence: exotoxin
disease: pseudomembranous colitis
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16
Q

corynebacterium diphtheriae

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
non-spore forming
virulence: exotoxin
disease: diphtheria
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17
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A 
Gram +
rod/bacillus
non-spore forming
virulence: flagella
disease: neonatal meningitis (high risk in pregnant women)
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18
Q

Neisseria meningitis

A 
Gram -
diplococci
virulence: capsule, endotoxin (LPS), pili
disease: meningitis
presentation: petechiae, sepsis
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19
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gram -
diplococci
virulence: pili
disease: neonatal conjunctivitis, PID

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20
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Gram -
coccobacillus
disease: otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia

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21
Q

Enterotoxigenic E coli

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
virulence: exotoxin, pili
Disease: travelers diarrhea
presentation: rice-water stool
similar to cholera
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22
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E coli

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
virulence: exotoxin (shiga-like toxin), pili
disease: hemorrhagic colitis
presents: bloody diarrhea
23
Q

Enteroinvasive E coli

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
virulence: exotoxin, plasmid
presentation: bloody diarrhea (same disease state as shigella)
24
Q

E coli UTI

A

Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
Disease: UTI

25
Q

E coli meningitis

A

Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
Disease: neonatal meningitis

26
Q

E. coli sepsis

A

Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
Disease: gram neg sepsis (most common cause)

27
Q

E coli pneumonia

A

Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
Disease: hospital acquired PNA

28
Q

Klebsiella pneumonia

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
virulence: capsule
Disease: sepsis, UTI, pneumonia
*currant jelly sputum
29
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
Disease: UTI, nosocomial infections

30
Q

enterobacter

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
virulence: motile
Disease: hospital acquired infections
31
Q

Shigella

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
virulence: shiga toxin
presentation: bloody diarrhea
similar to enteroinvasive coli, fecal-oral transmission through human host
32
Q

Salmonella

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
Disease: gastroenteritis
food/water contaminated by animal feces (chicken, uncooked eggs)
33
Q

Salmonella typhi

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
Disease: typhoid fever
facultative intracellular parasite, chronic carriers-gallbladder
34
Q

Vibrio cholera

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
virulence: flagellum, cholera toxin
Disease: cholera
presentation: rice-water diarrhea
fecal-contaminated water, similar to enterotoxin ecoli
35
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
presentation: bloody, loose diarrhea 
wild/domestic animals/poultry
36
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Gram -
rod/bacillus
enteric
duodenal/gastric ulcers

37
Q

Haemophilus influenza

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
respiratory
virulence: capsule (6 types)
Disease: meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, otitis media
HIB Vaccine
38
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
respiratory
Disease: whooping cough
treatment: supportive erythromycin
vaccine
39
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
respiratory
Disease: legionnaire disease
water environments
40
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
zoonotic
Disease: gastroenteritis
similar presentation as salmonella/shigella
41
Q

Yersinia pestis

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
zoonotic
Disease: bubonic plague
presentation: hemorrhage under skin (Black Death)
rats/fleas
42
Q

Francisella tularenis

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
zoonotic
Disease: tularemia
presentation: ulceroglandular disease, pneumonia
rabbits/ticks/deerflies
43
Q

Brucella

A 
Gram -
rod/bacillus
zoonotic
Disease: brucellosis
infected animal meat or milk products
44
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

Gram -
rod/bacillus
zoonotic
cat/dog bite

45
Q

Mycobacteria tuberculosis

A 
acid-fast
rod/bacillus
obligate aerobic
disease: tuberculosis
caseous necrosis
46
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

acid-fast
rod/bacillus
aerobic
Disease: Hansen disease (leprosy)

47
Q

Atypical mycobateria

A 
acid-fast
rod/bacillus
aerobic
MAC
opportunistic infection
48
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

no cell wall

disease: bronchitis, pneumonia

49
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum

A

no cell wall
UTI
urethritis

50
Q

Trepenema pallidium

A

needs dark field microscopy/immunofluorescence
spiral/spirochete
virulence: LPS (lipid A), additional outer membrane, axial flagella
disease: syphillis

51
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

needs dark field microscopy/immunofluorescence
spiral/spirochete
virulence: LPS (lipid A), additional outer membrane, axial flagella
Disease: lyme disease
presentation: erythema, chronic migrans, neurologic damage
white-footed mouse/white tailed deer

52
Q

Leptospira

A

needs dark field microscopy/immunofluorescence
spiral/spirochete
virulence: LPS (lipid A), additional outer membrane, axial flagella
urine of dogs, rats, livestock, wild animals

53
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

obligate aerobe
intracellular
presentation: conjunctivitis, urethritis, PID

54
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

obligate aerobe
intracellular
disease: Rocky Mountain spotted fever
presentation: fever, conjunctival redness, headache, palmar rash

Foundations (10 decks)

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