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CMBM E3 CB > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main difference between fungal and bacterial cell walls?

A

Fungal cell wall–made of chitin

Bacterial cell wall–made of peptidoglycan

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2
Q

What are dimorphic fungi?

A

Fungi that are yeasts at 37C and molds at lower temperatures.

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3
Q 
Circular, scaling lesion with central clearing and hair loss
Crumbling nails
Jock itch
Discoloring
Keratin
Ringworm
Azoles
A

Tinea

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4
Q

Malassezia furfur appearance

A

Spaghetti (short septae hyphae) and meatballs (small yeasts)

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5
Q 
Gardener
Nodular lesions
Roses
Splinter
Thorn prick
A

Sporothrix schenckii

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6
Q

Cauliflower-like verrucous (warty) nodules
Dematiaceous (brown or black, melanin-producing) sclerotic bodies
Skin disease

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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7
Q 
Cobblestones
Immunocompromised
Thrush
Vaginal yeast
White, curd-like, adhesive plaques that bleed when removed for culture
Prolonged use of antibiotics
A

Candida albicans

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8
Q 
Allergic bronchopulmonary
Angioinvasive
Fruiting bodies
Fungus ball
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Malt/grain workers
Septate branching hyphae
A

Aspergillus species

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9
Q 
Acidotic diabetic
Black nasal discharge
Bread mold
Coenocyte (aseptate) hyphae
Paranasal sinus and ocular orbit involvement
A

Rhizopus and Mucor species

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10
Q

What are the main differences between systemic and opportunistic infection agents?

A 
Systemic:
Disease often is asymptomatic or resolves quickly in both normal and compromised hosts
Endemic in limited geographic area
Usually not part of normal flora
Dimorphic (except Cryptococcus)
Opportunistic:
Disease often is serious primarily in compromised hosts
Found worldwide
Usually part of normal flora
Not dimorphic (except Candida)
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11
Q 
AIDS patients
Cup shaped ("flying saucer")
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia
Fluffy, foamy alveolar exudate
Gomori silver stain
Ground-glass appearance on radiograph
IV drug abuser
Organisms in lavage lung
A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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12
Q 
Midwestern U.S. (Mississippi River Valley)
Eastern U.S. ; Central America
Rotting wood
Beaver dams
Broad-based budding yeast
Granuloma
Healthy and immunocompromised
A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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13
Q 
American southwest deserts
San Joaquin River Valley
Skin test for antigen exposure
Spherules
Desert bumps
A

Coccidioides immitis

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14
Q 
AIDS patients
PIGEON DROPPINGS
Capsular antigens
Capsule
India ink preparations
Meningitis
A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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15
Q 
YEASTS INSIDE MACROPHAGES
Caves
Bird and BAT droppings
"Cincinnati spleen"
Granulomas
Lung and spleen
Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys
A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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16
Q

35 y/o man has a URI. His sputum is blood stained. A chest radiograph shows a ball-like mass of fungal hyphae in an apical cavity.

A

Aspergillus species

“Ball-like mass of fungal hyphae” = aspergilloma

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17
Q

An otherwise healthy man who had successfully recovered from a URI marked by fever, cough, and chest pain 3 months ago now develops several chronic suppurative skin lesions. A chest radiograph shows pulmonary infiltrates.

A

Systemic blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatitidis

18
Q

An HIV-positive man has white patches on the tongue.

A

Oral thrush

Candida albicans

19
Q

A 39 y/o woman who has diabetes is being treated with abx for a bacterial infection. She develops vaginal pruritus, erythema, and a thick, creamy vaginal discharge.

A

Yeast infection

Candida albicans

20
Q

After vacationing in the desert areas of New Mexico, a 40 y/o woman develops a URI with pulmonary infiltrates and has red, nodular, painful lesions on both shins.

A

Coccidioides immitis

21
Q

An immunosuppressed woman has a chronic headache and stiff neck. India ink preparation of CSF shows encapsulated yeast cells.

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

Cryptococcus neoformans

22
Q

A chicken farmer living in southern Ohio has a mild respiratory infection with flu-like symptoms that resolve within 10 days. Two months later, numerous diffuse, small calcific densities are seen on chest radiograph.

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

23
Q

A diabetic patient in ketoacidosis has a frontal lobe abscess.

A

Mucor species

24
Q

An AIDS patient with a low CD4 cell count has a respiratory infection with fever, cough, SOB, and pulmonary infiltrates.

A

Pneumocystitis jiroveci

25
Q

A woman develops suppurating, nodular skin lesions on the lower arm after pruning rose bushes in her garden.

A

Sporothrix schenkii

26
Q

What is the most virulent agent of systemic fungal infection?

A

Coccidioides immitis

27
Q

Rural Latin America

Budding yeast cells (“steering wheels”)

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

28
Q

Which fungi are dimorphic?

A 
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Sporothrix schenckii
Candida albicans
29
Q

Which fungi are opportunistic?

A 
Aspergillus fumigatus
Candida albicans
Mucor and Rhizopus species
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Cryptococus neoformans
30
Q

Which fungi are systemic?

A

Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

31
Q

Disease features of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Lung infection with hemoptysis
Invasive form: blood vessels often involved
Allergic form: respiratory distress increasing with age

32
Q

Which fungi are transmitted via inhalation of spores or yeast?

A 
Aspergillus fumigatus
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Mucor and Rhizopus species
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Pneumocystis jiroveci
33
Q

Candida albicans treatment

A

Subcutaneous: Azole
Oral thrush: Nystatin
Systemic: Amp-B

34
Q

Coccidioides treatment

A

Amp-B

Azole

35
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans treatment

A

Amp-B + Flucytosine for meningitis (Fluconazole second line)

Long term Fluconazole in AIDS patients

36
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum treatment

A

Amp-B for acute disease

Long term Itraconazole for AIDS patients

37
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus treatment

A

Surgery to remove necrotic tissue

Amp-B

38
Q

Pneumocystic jiroveci treatment

A

TMP-SMX
Pentamidine
Clinda

39
Q

Sporothrix schenckii treatment

A

Potassium iodide (oral)
Amp-B
Itraconazole

40
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis treatment

A

Azoles

Amp-B for serious cases

41
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus treatment

A

Surgery to remove infected tissue
Amp-B
Azoles
Echinocandins

CMBM E3 CB (12 decks)

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