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CMBM E3 CB > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin mechanism of action

A

Penicillins contain a Beta-lactam ring, which binds to transpeptidase (PBP) and prevents cell wall synthesis.

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2
Q

What are penicillins used to treat?

A

Most strep (not strep pneumo)
Neisseria meningitidis
Treponema palladium

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3
Q

What are penicillins inactive against?

A

Strep pneumo
MRSA
MRSE
Gram negative rods

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4
Q

Methicillin resistance is due to ______.

A

Altered PBP

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5
Q

What are the clinical uses of anti-Staph penicillins?

A

MSSA

MSSE

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6
Q

What are the anti-Staph penicillins?

A

Nafcillin

Dicloxacillin

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7
Q

What are the clinical uses of aminopenicillins?

A 
E. coli
Shigella
Salmonella enterica
Borrelia burgdorferi
Plus same activity as natural penicillins
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8
Q

What are the aminopenicillins?

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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9
Q

What are the ESPs?

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin

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10
Q

How do you treat Pseudomonas?

A

Usually with a 2 drug regimen.

  1. Beta-lactam (Penicillin or Cephalosporin) + aminoglycoside (Gentamicin)
  2. Beta-lactam + Beta-lactamase inhibitor (Ticarcillin/Clavulanate)
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Ceftazidime
  5. Cipro / Levofloxacin
  6. Cefepime
  7. Aztreonam
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11
Q

Clinical uses of Vancomycin

A
  1. MRSA
  2. Penicillin-resistant Strep pneumo
  3. Serious C. diff infections
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12
Q

What drug is used for TB, plague, tularemia, brucellosis, Mycobacterium avium complex?

A

Streptomycin

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13
Q

How would you treat E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus?

A

Ampicillin
Cefazolin
TMP/SMX
Fluoroquinolones

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14
Q

Most Neisseria meningitidis strains are susceptible to _____. If resistant, use ______.

A

Penicillin

Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime (3rd generation Cephalosporins)

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15
Q

What is the treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Ceftriaxone + azithromycin/doxycycline (for likely concurrent chlamydia infection)

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16
Q

Which antibiotics are usually effective against anaerobes?

A

Clindamycin

Metronidazole

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17
Q

Which antibiotics may result in C. diff infections?

A

Clindamycin
2nd/3rd generation Cephalosporins
Aminopenicillins

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18
Q

What drug is used as prophylaxis for Neisseria-related meningitis?

A

Rifampin

19
Q

Klebsiella treatment

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin

20
Q

E. coli treatment

A

TMP-SMX
Penicillin (UTI)
3rd generation Cephalosporin (meningitis, sepsis)

21
Q

How do you treat Salmonella typhi?

A

Ceftriaxone

Cipro, Ampicillin for carriers

22
Q

Shigella treatment

A

Oral rehydration for moderate cases

Fluoroquinolones for severe cases

23
Q

Proteus mirabilis treatment

A

TMP-SMX

Ampicillin

24
Q

Vibrio cholerae treatment

A

Oral/IV rehydration

Tetracycline

25
Q

Yersinia pestis treatment

A

Streptomycin

Tetracycline

26
Q

Helicobacter pylori treatment

A

Triple:

PPI + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin

27
Q

Campylobacter jejuni treatment

A

Erythromycin

Ciprofloxacin

28
Q

H. influenzae treatment

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin

29
Q

Legionella treatment

A

Erythromycin

30
Q

Bordetella treatment

A

Erythromycin

31
Q

Brucella treatment

A

Doxycycline + Gentamicin

32
Q

Mycoplasma treatment

A

Erythromycin

Tetracycline

33
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis treatment

A

Azithromycin

Tetracycline ( + ceftriaxone)

34
Q

Rickettsia rickettssi treatment

A

Doxycycline

Chloramphenicol

35
Q

Rickettssia prowazekii treatment

A

Tetracycline

Chloramphenicol

36
Q

Coxiella burnetii treatment

A

Tetracycline

37
Q

What drug is commonly used for CA-MRSA?

A

TMP-SMX

38
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in pregnant women?

A

TMP-SMX
Metronidazole
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline

39
Q

What is used for CA-pneumonia?

A

Macrolides: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

40
Q

What is the drug of choice for Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia?

A

Macrolides and Ketolides

41
Q

What drug is used especially for atypical bacteria?

A

Tetracycline

42
Q

Aminoglycoside toxicities

A

Nephrotoxicity

43
Q

Tetracycline toxicities

A

Liver and kidney toxicity

Photosensitization

44
Q

Clindamycin is used for _____ gram negatives.

A

Anaerobic

CMBM E3 CB (12 decks)

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