Antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillin mechanism of action
Penicillins contain a Beta-lactam ring, which binds to transpeptidase (PBP) and prevents cell wall synthesis.
What are penicillins used to treat?
Most strep (not strep pneumo)
Neisseria meningitidis
Treponema palladium
What are penicillins inactive against?
Strep pneumo
MRSA
MRSE
Gram negative rods
Methicillin resistance is due to ______.
Altered PBP
What are the clinical uses of anti-Staph penicillins?
MSSA
MSSE
What are the anti-Staph penicillins?
Nafcillin
Dicloxacillin
What are the clinical uses of aminopenicillins?
E. coli Shigella Salmonella enterica Borrelia burgdorferi Plus same activity as natural penicillins
What are the aminopenicillins?
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
What are the ESPs?
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
How do you treat Pseudomonas?
Usually with a 2 drug regimen.
- Beta-lactam (Penicillin or Cephalosporin) + aminoglycoside (Gentamicin)
- Beta-lactam + Beta-lactamase inhibitor (Ticarcillin/Clavulanate)
- Carbapenems
- Ceftazidime
- Cipro / Levofloxacin
- Cefepime
- Aztreonam
Clinical uses of Vancomycin
- MRSA
- Penicillin-resistant Strep pneumo
- Serious C. diff infections
What drug is used for TB, plague, tularemia, brucellosis, Mycobacterium avium complex?
Streptomycin
How would you treat E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus?
Ampicillin
Cefazolin
TMP/SMX
Fluoroquinolones
Most Neisseria meningitidis strains are susceptible to _____. If resistant, use ______.
Penicillin
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime (3rd generation Cephalosporins)
What is the treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Ceftriaxone + azithromycin/doxycycline (for likely concurrent chlamydia infection)
Which antibiotics are usually effective against anaerobes?
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
Which antibiotics may result in C. diff infections?
Clindamycin
2nd/3rd generation Cephalosporins
Aminopenicillins
What drug is used as prophylaxis for Neisseria-related meningitis?
Rifampin
Klebsiella treatment
3rd generation Cephalosporin
E. coli treatment
TMP-SMX
Penicillin (UTI)
3rd generation Cephalosporin (meningitis, sepsis)
How do you treat Salmonella typhi?
Ceftriaxone
Cipro, Ampicillin for carriers
Shigella treatment
Oral rehydration for moderate cases
Fluoroquinolones for severe cases
Proteus mirabilis treatment
TMP-SMX
Ampicillin
Vibrio cholerae treatment
Oral/IV rehydration
Tetracycline
Yersinia pestis treatment
Streptomycin
Tetracycline
Helicobacter pylori treatment
Triple:
PPI + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin
Campylobacter jejuni treatment
Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin
H. influenzae treatment
3rd generation Cephalosporin
Legionella treatment
Erythromycin
Bordetella treatment
Erythromycin
Brucella treatment
Doxycycline + Gentamicin
Mycoplasma treatment
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Chlamydia trachomatis treatment
Azithromycin
Tetracycline ( + ceftriaxone)
Rickettsia rickettssi treatment
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
Rickettssia prowazekii treatment
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Coxiella burnetii treatment
Tetracycline
What drug is commonly used for CA-MRSA?
TMP-SMX
What drugs are contraindicated in pregnant women?
TMP-SMX
Metronidazole
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
What is used for CA-pneumonia?
Macrolides: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
What is the drug of choice for Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia?
Macrolides and Ketolides
What drug is used especially for atypical bacteria?
Tetracycline
Aminoglycoside toxicities
Nephrotoxicity
Tetracycline toxicities
Liver and kidney toxicity
Photosensitization
Clindamycin is used for _____ gram negatives.
Anaerobic
