Fungi

Question 1

Saprophyte

Answer 1

Organism that lives off of dead material

Question 2

Asexual repro elements

Answer 2

conidia

Question 3

Sexual repro elements

Answer 3

spores

Question 4

Why are fungi harder to kill than bacteria?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic (toxic to them is usually toxic to us)

Question 5

Two basic fungal morphologies:

Answer 5

yeasts

molds

Question 6

How do fungi differ from animal cells?

Answer 6

1. Cell membrane contain ergosterol (not cholesterol); Ergosterol can be eliminated from membrane without affecting our cholesterol
2. Cell wall (made of chitin)

Question 7

Yeast are __-cellular.

Answer 7

Uni

Question 8

Yeast reproduce asexually by:

Answer 8

budding

Question 9

Yeast reproduce sexually by:

Answer 9

ascospores (sacs containing 4 spores)

Question 10

Molds are __-cellular.

Answer 10

Multi

Question 11

Structure characteristic of mold.

Answer 11

Hyphae.

Question 12

Mycelium

Answer 12

Intertwines mass of hyphae

Question 13

Mold structure used for growth

Answer 13

vegetative hyphae

Question 14

Mold structure used for reproduction

Answer 14

aerial hyphae

Question 15

Dimorphic fungi can be both:

Under what circumstances does each grow?

Answer 15

yeast (in tissue and at 37C) and mold (room temp)

Question 16

Classification of fungi that do not seem to have a sexual stage

Answer 16

Deuteromycetes

Question 17

3 Problems caused by fungi:

Answer 17

allergies
mycotoxicoses (e.g. mushroom poison)
*mycoses (true infections)

Question 18

What must occur in order for a fungus to infect you?

Answer 18

It must cross surface barrier (inhalation or broken skin)

Question 19

Fungal Disease Classifications (5, in order of severity)

Answer 19

1. Superficial
2. Cutaneous (ringworm)
3. Subcutaneous
4. Systemic (occur in a normal, immunocompetent host)
5. Opportunistic (fungal meningitis)

Question 20

Opportunistic molds are sensitive to:

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

Antibodies can prevent:

Answer 21

reinfection by fungi

Question 22

Three ways fungal infections are diagnosed

Answer 22

1. clinical appearance
2. microscopic
   all but chitin gone after trx with KOH
   hyphae present
3. Culture
   yeast yield bacteria like colonies
   Sabourauds Medium (high glu, low pH)

Question 23

Why does fungal culture medium need to inhibit bacteria?

Answer 23

Yeast grow in bacteria-like cultures

Question 24

What causes the majority of the damage in a fungal infection?

Answer 24

Host immune response

Question 25

Why does It take months to treat a fungal infection?

Answer 25

they grow very slowly

Question 26

Why are azoles not necessarily the best fungal treatment?

Answer 26

fungi are becoming resistant to them

Question 27

How is ringworm named?

Answer 27

By its location of growth ( for example, barbaris for shaving-related)

Question 28

How would you treat a fungal infection in an immunocompetent patient, initially?

Answer 28

Observation or topically

Question 29

How would you treat a fungal infection that is now spreading in an immunocompetent patient?

Answer 29

Ampho or azoles

Question 30

How would you manage fungal infections in an immunocompromised patient?

Answer 30

Lifetime antifungals

Question 31

Subcutaneous fungal infections often spread into the:

Answer 31

Lymph, dermis, bone

Question 32

Rosette shaped conidia

Answer 32

SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 33

3 major targets of antifungal drugs

Answer 33

1. Cell membrane (ergosterol)
2. Cell wall
3. Genome replication

Question 34

Causitive agents of subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 34

soil or vegetation (such as getting stuck by a rose thorn)

Question 35

Two forms of subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 35

1. Fixed

2. Lymphocutaneus

Question 36

Common infection around the MS River

Answer 36

Histoplasmosis