Cancer (Dr. Weir) Flashcards
Many malignancies are caused or encouraged by mutations in:
oncogenes
tumor suppressor genes
Two inherited disorders predisposing to malignancies caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes:
Li Fraumeni Syndrome and Cowden’s Syndrome
Cancer accelerated by a mutated c-kit oncogene:
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Mutations in EGFR and ALK can lead to:
some lung cancers
T/F: Usually, a single mutation is required to allow cells to overcome the body’s boundaries for cell growth.
F-multiple
How does identification of specific cancer sites improve treatment?
Use of genomic medicine, which targets the actual mutation
Development of medications for ________ _______ has improved trx for breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, chronic leukemias, skin cancers, and brain tumors.
specific targets
Hormone receptors are very important targets for patients with:
breast and prostate cancer
How do targeted treatments affect patient outcomes?
Rarely curative
- -mutations may develop that allow the cancer to progress around the therapy
- -other cellular pathways may increase in activity to bypass therapeutic effect
Usually encode growth- or division-promoting proteins
protooncogenes
Inhibit over-proliferation and over-accumulation
Tumor suppressor genes
PTEN mutation is associated with:
Cowden’s disease
EGFR kinase mutations are associated with:
Lung cancer (with 50% of these in nonsmokers)
EML4-ALK is mutated in:
lung cancers
Most common brain neoplasms
gliomas
WHO Grades that are considered considered benign
I and II
WHO Grades that are considered considered malignant
III and IV
What do glioblastoma cells need to make in order to promote their growth?
VGEF (thus, this is a target for trx)
Inhibition of bcr-abl tyrosine kinase is used to treat:
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Tamoxifen treats what type of breast cancer?
ER positive
Herceptin treats what type of breast cancer?
HER2 positive, prevents dimerization of receptor
B-Raf V600 mutation is associate with:
melanoma
Hedgehog inhibitors treat:
basal cell carcinoma
