Cancer (Dr. Weir)

Question 1

Many malignancies are caused or encouraged by mutations in:

Answer 1

oncogenes

tumor suppressor genes

Question 2

Two inherited disorders predisposing to malignancies caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes:

Answer 2

Li Fraumeni Syndrome and Cowden’s Syndrome

Question 3

Cancer accelerated by a mutated c-kit oncogene:

Answer 3

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Question 4

Mutations in EGFR and ALK can lead to:

Answer 4

some lung cancers

Question 5

T/F: Usually, a single mutation is required to allow cells to overcome the body’s boundaries for cell growth.

Answer 5

F-multiple

Question 6

How does identification of specific cancer sites improve treatment?

Answer 6

Use of genomic medicine, which targets the actual mutation

Question 7

Development of medications for ________ _______ has improved trx for breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, chronic leukemias, skin cancers, and brain tumors.

Answer 7

specific targets

Question 8

Hormone receptors are very important targets for patients with:

Answer 8

breast and prostate cancer

Question 9

How do targeted treatments affect patient outcomes?

Answer 9

Rarely curative

• -mutations may develop that allow the cancer to progress around the therapy
• -other cellular pathways may increase in activity to bypass therapeutic effect

Question 10

Usually encode growth- or division-promoting proteins

Answer 10

protooncogenes

Question 11

Inhibit over-proliferation and over-accumulation

Answer 11

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 12

PTEN mutation is associated with:

Answer 12

Cowden’s disease

Question 13

EGFR kinase mutations are associated with:

Answer 13

Lung cancer (with 50% of these in nonsmokers)

Question 14

EML4-ALK is mutated in:

Answer 14

lung cancers

Question 15

Most common brain neoplasms

Answer 15

gliomas

Question 16

WHO Grades that are considered considered benign

Answer 16

I and II

Question 17

WHO Grades that are considered considered malignant

Answer 17

III and IV

Question 18

What do glioblastoma cells need to make in order to promote their growth?

Answer 18

VGEF (thus, this is a target for trx)

Question 19

Inhibition of bcr-abl tyrosine kinase is used to treat:

Answer 19

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Question 20

Tamoxifen treats what type of breast cancer?

Answer 20

ER positive

Question 21

Herceptin treats what type of breast cancer?

Answer 21

HER2 positive, prevents dimerization of receptor

Question 22

B-Raf V600 mutation is associate with:

Answer 22

melanoma

Question 23

Hedgehog inhibitors treat:

Answer 23

basal cell carcinoma