fungi

Question 1

what are the characteristics of fungi

Answer 1

• heterotrophic for carbon
• eukaryotic cell structure
• filamentous in most groups
• cell wall
• non motile in reproduction
• spores typical for reproduction

Question 2

what is the cell wall of fungi made from

Answer 2

fibrillar and amorphous or matrix components

Question 3

what are the fibrillar components composed of

Answer 3

beta 1-4 linked polymer or N-acetly-glucosamine
- forms a rigid network

Question 4

what are the amorphous components

Answer 4

proteins, mannans, gulans and linked polymers of glucose

Question 5

where are symbiotic fungi from

Answer 5

lichens and mycorrhizas

Question 6

what fungi get their carbon supply from dead organic matter

Answer 6

saprotrophic

Question 7

what fungi get their carbon source from living organic matter

Answer 7

symbiotic, biotrophic and necrotrophic

Question 8

why are fungi important

Answer 8

• production of antibiotics and synthesise hormones for contraception
• fungi genetically modified to produce viral antigens
• decomposition of complex plant and animal remains in natural environments
• rotting of food, textiles and timber

Question 9

how are fungi classified

Answer 9

• cellular organisation
• separation
• reproduction
• site of disease

Question 10

what are the two types of cellular organisation of fungi

Answer 10

unicellular and multicellular

Question 11

what fungi are unicellular

Answer 11

yeasts

Question 12

what fungi are multicellular

Answer 12

moulds and mushrooms

Question 13

what is mycelium

Answer 13

a network of branched hyphae

Question 14

what is each filament called in filamentous

Answer 14

hypha

Question 15

what are the characteristics of lower fungi

Answer 15

• hyphae absent or non separated
• asexual spores contained in sporangia

Question 16

what are the characteristics of higher fungi

Answer 16

• well developed hyphae
• produce free tips of aerial hyphae which are called conidia

Question 17

how does blastocladiomycota reproduce

Answer 17

asexual reproduction - motile sporangiospores

Question 18

how does zygomycetes reproduce

Answer 18

asexual reproduction - non-motile sporangiospores
sexual reproduction - zygospores

Question 19

how does ascomycetes reproduce

Answer 19

asexual - conidia
sexual - ascospores

Question 20

how do basidiomycetes reproduce

Answer 20

asexual - conidia
sexual - basidiospores

Question 21

how does mitosporic fungi reproduce

Answer 21

asexual - conidia
sexual - absent

Question 22

describe sexual spores of fungi

Answer 22

thick walled and resistant to unfavourable conditions

Question 23

describe asexual spores

Answer 23

produced in large numbers for dispersal but low resistance to unfavourable conditions

Question 24

what is superficial mycoses

Answer 24

confined to the outer layer of the epithelia - skin, hair and nails

Question 25

what is subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 25

involve deeper layers of skin and different groups of organisms

Question 26

what is systemic mycoses

Answer 26

penetrate the epithelial into the bloodstream and spread throughout the body

Question 27

what causes sprototrichosis or rose gardener disease

Answer 27

spoeothrix schekii

Question 28

how does rose gardener disease occur

Answer 28

- infection spreads into - subcutaneous and lymphatic infection - doesn't spread into bloodstream