Fungi 1 Lecture

Question 1

Fungi: multicellular or single celled

Answer 1

Both
single celled(yeast)
Multicellular(mushrooms)

Question 2

Structure of Fungi

Answer 2

Arranged of bundles of structures called hyphae
Cell walls made up of chitin(similar to insects)

Question 3

Are fungi heterotrophs?

Answer 3

Yes, fungi get their carbon from other sources and absorb nutrients from other organisms

Question 4

Fungi vs Bacteria

Answer 4

Fungi: Eukaryotic, cell wall is made up of chitin
Bacteria: prokaryotic, cell wall made up of peptiglycan

Question 5

Mycelium

Answer 5

A bunch of long, thin hyphae bundled together.
Mycelium can form a fruiting body(mushroom you can see) or can grow through things.

Question 6

Advantages of Hyphae and filamentous structure

Answer 6

High surface area mean high surface area for absorption of nutrients
Hyphae are made up of cells that have gaps between them, these gaps allow for nutrients to pass through

Question 7

How do fungi eat?

Answer 7

Secrete digestive enzymes that breakdown compounds that are then absorbed by the hyphae back into the cells

Question 8

Saprophytes

Answer 8

Feed/Grow on dead things

Question 9

Symbionts

Answer 9

Get fed by others

Question 10

4 roles of fungi in ecosystems

Answer 10

1. Fungi breakdown lignin(wood)/ trees after they fall and , The fungi digest the lignin and make cellulose available for other organisms.
   2.Lichens: secrete acid to breakdown rock and kick start soil production
2. Mycorrhizae: fungi that grow with the roots of a plant and makes plant more productive by increase their root surface area
   4.Chytrid: Devastating pathogen to amphibians

Question 11

Do fungi reproduce asexually or sexually?

Answer 11

Both

Question 12

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 12

1. Hyphae breaks off and grows into a new organism
2. Split their cells and turn them into spores and disperses them which turn into a new organism

Question 13

Sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Two hyphae from two separate individuals that are haploid meet and then fuse together (here they enter a dikaryotic phase(one cell, two distinct nuclei)). Next the fused hyphae turns into a mushroom with gills, in the gills the sex occurs (the two nuclei fuse together and the cell becomes diploid and genetic material mixes together) Diploid stage. They then undergo meiosis and produce 1n spores that are then dispersed by the wind and then grow a new set of hyphae that goes through the same cycle(Haploid stage).

Question 14

Dispersal

Answer 14

-Spores can be dispersed aerial
-Spores can be dispersed by animals

Question 15

Why are fungi found in moist environments?

Answer 15

Fungi are made up of mostly water(that why they shrink when you cook them)