fungal infections Flashcards
Candidiasis
clinical manifestations of infection with Candida species range from local mucous membrane infections to widespread dissemination with multisystem organ failure
Although Candida are considered normal flora in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of humans, they have the propensity to invade and cause disease when an imbalance is created in the ecologic niche in which these organisms usually exist
Oropharyngeal candidiasis — Oropharyngeal candidiasis, or thrush, is a common local infection seen in infants; older adults who wear dentures; patients treated with antibiotics, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy to the head and neck
nystatin 100 000 units/mL suspension 1 mL orally, 6-hourly for 10 to 14 days.
Vulvovaginitis — Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the most common form of mucosal candidiasis. It most often occurs in situations associated with increased estrogen levels, such as oral contraceptive use and pregnancy. Antibiotics, glucocorticoids, diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, intrauterine devices, and diaphragm use are also risk factors.
nystatin 100 000 units/g cream topically, twice daily for 2 weeks.
RISK FACTORS FOR INVASIVE INFECTION — Invasive focal or systemic infections are most often associated with candidemia, which primarily occurs in immunosuppressed patients and those requiring intensive care. Immunosuppressed patients at special risk for candidemia include:
●Those with hematologic malignancies
●Recipients of solid organ or stem cell transplants
●Those given chemotherapeutic agents for a variety of different diseases
anidulafungin 200 mg IV, for the first dose, then 100 mg IV, daily
eye exam for endophthalmitis
aspergillosis
aspergillus species are ubiquitous in nature, and inhalation of infectious conidia is a frequent event. Tissue invasion is uncommon and occurs most frequently in the setting of immunosuppression
allergic aspergillosis can occur in the setting of asthma or cystic fibrosis.
patients can present with a number of signs and symptoms: fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and/or hemoptysis
treat with voriconazole
