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Infectious Disease > Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A 
AKA Pityriasis Versicolor
Common superficial skin infxn
Caused by Malassezia furur
Very common in teens and young adults
Heat, humidity, excessive sweating
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2
Q

Tinea versicolor presentation

A

Velvety tan, pink or white macules
Hypopigmented areas that do not tan
Trunk, upper arms, neck and groin
Lesions may scale if scraped

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3
Q

Skin scrapings from tinea versicolor show?

A

Spaghetti and Meatballs

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4
Q

Tinea Versicolor TOC

A

Selenium Sulfide lotion once daily for 7 days

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5
Q

___% of cases will have recurrence within 2 years.

A

80%

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6
Q

Tinea Infections

A

Located in stratum corneum

Caused by dermatophytes

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7
Q

Dermatophytes digest?

A

Keratin

Scaling, nails thicken and crumble, hair loss

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8
Q

Tinea Corporis

A 
Face, limbs and trunk
Ring shaped lesion with well demarcated margins
Central clearing
Scaly, erethematous border
Transmitted by contact
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9
Q

Tinea corporis Tx

A

Topical azole

1-2 daily for 2-4 weeks

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10
Q

Tinea Cruris

A

Groin, inguinal folds
SPares the scrotum
Pruritis with burning
Tx with topical azole

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11
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

Interdigital scaling, maceration
DIffuse scaling of soles of feet
Acute vesicular lesions
Tx: topical azole

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12
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

most cases in children
Inflamed, scaly patches
Tender, pustular nodules

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13
Q

Tinea capitis Tx

A

Griseofulvin for 8 weeks

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14
Q

Tinea Unguium

A

Typically toenails but can affect fingernails
Moves distal to proximal
Usually asymptomatic

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15
Q

Tinea Ungiuim Tx

A

oral Itraconazole for 12 weeks

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16
Q

Candidiasis Intertrigo

A

Axillae, under breasts, groin, intergluteal folds

17
Q

Candidiasis Paronychia

A

Nail folds

18
Q

Candidiasis Balantitis

A

Gland penis

19
Q

Thrush

A

Mouth and tongue

20
Q

Candidiasis folliculitis

A

Follicular pustules

21
Q

Tx for Thrush

A

Nystatin

Clotrimazole

22
Q

Tx for cutaneous Candidiasis

A

Nystatin powder for macerated areas

Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)

23
Q

Systemic Candidiasis

A

Positive blood cultures 50% of time
IV antifungal such as fluconazole
Fundoscopic exam

24
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum

A 
Found in soil from bird or bat droppings
Endemic in river valleys
Inhalation of spores
Spread to other organs (by lymph)
Can be acute and severe
25
Q

Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis

A

Older patients
Underlying chronic lung disease
CXR: apical cavities, infiltrates, nodules

26
Q

Disseminated Histoplasmosis

A 
Multisystem involvement
Similar to septic shock
Fever, dyspnea, weight loss
Ulcers in oropharynx
Can be fatal in 6 weeks or less
27
Q

Disseminated Histoplasmosis CXR findings

A

Miliary pattern

28
Q

Disseminated Histoplasmosis Tx

A

Refer to ID specialist

Itraconazole 200-400mg BID for weeks to months

29
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

Secondary infection from inhaling molds
AKA valley fever
More severe in immunocompromised
Can disseminate and become severe

30
Q

Coccidioidomycosis Rash

A

Erythema Nodosum

occurs 2-20 days after onset of respiratory symptoms

31
Q

Coccidioidomycosis Tx

A

Amphotericin B IV

Oral Azoles

32
Q

Cryotpcoccosis

A

Caused by cryotpcoccus neoformans
Yeast found in soil and pigeon poop
Most common cause of fungal meningitis
Rare in immunocompetent persons

33
Q

Cryotpcoccosis S/S

A

Can lead to respiratory failure
Any organ can be affected
CNS predominates: HA, confusion, mental status changes

34
Q

Cryotpcoccosis Tx

A

Refer
Amphotericin B IV x 2 weeks
followed by
Fluconazole x 8 wks

35
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillosis fumigatus
Found everywhere in nature
Tissue invasion can occur

36
Q

Aspergillosis S/S

A 
Allergy
Airway or lung invasion (most common)
-fever, chest pain, SOB, cough, hemoptysis
Cuteneous
Can disseminate everywhere else
37
Q

Aspergillosis Tx

A

Antifungals and glutocorticoids

38
Q

When will you see an india ink prep?

A

Cryptococcosis

39
Q

Halo sign =

A

Aspergillosis

Infectious Disease (12 decks)

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