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Infectious Disease > Common Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Common Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How small are viruses

A

Very, very small

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2
Q

Like, HOW small?

A

15 - 25 NANOmeters in diameter

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3
Q

What contains the DNA?

A

The capsid. Protects genetic material from damage.

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4
Q

6 steps to viral infection and replication?

A

Adsorption: binding to host cell
Penetration: Injection of genome into host
Viral genome replication
Assembly
Maturation
Release: new virus expelled from host cell

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5
Q

Class I

A 
Double stranded DNA
papalovirus
adenovirus
herpesvirus
poxvirus
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6
Q

Class II

A

Single stranded DNA

Parvovirus

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7
Q

Class III

A 
Double stranded RNA
Coronavirus
Picornavirus (polio, common cold)
Togavirus (rubella, yellow fever)
Hepatitis C virus
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8
Q

Class IV

A 
Positive single stranded RNA (mRNA)
Rhabdovirus
Paramyxovirus (measles, mumps)
Orthomyxovirus (flu viruses)
Bunyavirus (korean hemorrhagic fever)
Arenavirus
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9
Q

Class V

A

Negative single stranded RNA

Reovirus (diarrhea)

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10
Q

Class VI

A

Postiive single stranded RNA with a DNA intermediate in replication
Retrovirus (leukemia, aids)

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11
Q

Class VII

A

Double stranded DNA with an RNA intermediate

Hepatitis B

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12
Q

HHV-1

A

HSV 1

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13
Q

HHV-2

A

HSV 2

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14
Q

HHV-3

A

Varicella zoster

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15
Q

HHV-4

A

Epstein Barr Virus

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16
Q

HHV-5

A

Cytomegalovirus

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17
Q

HHV-6

A

Exanthema subitum

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18
Q

HHV-7

A

T-lymphotropic virus

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19
Q

HHV-8

A

Virus associated kaposis sarcoma

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20
Q

Herpes simplex

A

HSV1 = orolabial herpes
HSV2 = genital herpes
Can affect almost any body tissue

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21
Q

90% of ppl have ___?

A

HSV-1 by age of 30

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22
Q

Common places to harbor dormant HSV?

A

Trigeminal ganglia

Pre-sacral ganglia

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23
Q

HSV clinical presentation

A

Dew drop on rose petal ***
Herpes labialis - cold sores
Oral and facial lesions
Gingivostomatitis, pharyngitis

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24
Q

HSV Urogenital lesions

A

Can be caused by 1 or 2.
Headache, fever, malaise, myalgia
Vesicular lesions of external genitalia
DIscharge, dysuria, inguinal lymphadenopathy

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25
Q

HSV complicaitons

A

Ocular disease
Neonatal and congenital infections
Bells palsy
Enchephalitis and recurrent meningitis

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26
Q

HSV diagnosis

A

Viral culture
HSV PCR
Direct fluorescent antibody
Serology

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27
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus

A

Primary: chickenpox
Recurrent: Zoster

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28
Q

Primary transmission of primary varicella zoster in most like by which route?

A

Respiratory

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29
Q

Varicella Zoster incubation period?

A

10 - 21 days (usually 14-17)

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30
Q

Patients are infectious during which period?

A

48 hrs before onset until all vesicles are crusted over.

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31
Q

Chickenpox presentation

A

Rash, fever (100 - 103) lasting 3-5 days, malaise
Skin lesions, maculopapules
Crops of lesions on erythematous base

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32
Q

Tzanch smear looks for?

A

Multinucleated inclusion giant bodies.
Used for Herpes simplex
not used anymore

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33
Q

Shingles presentation

A

Unilateral vesicular eruptions that develop on a single dermatome
Severe pain

34
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus

A

Mono - Kissing disease
4-8 week incubation period
Peak incidence btw 14 and 18 years of age

35
Q

EBV shed from oropharynx for up to ____ months post infection.

A

18

36
Q

EBV clinical triad

A

Fever/chills: 7-14 days
Lymphadenopathy: Rarely exceeds 3 wks
Severe pharyngitis w/ exudates: maximal for a week and resolves over a week.

37
Q

EBV labs

A

Heterophil ab
Monospot
Lymphocytosis
EBV specific immune response

38
Q

Mono complications

A

Strep pharyngitis
Thormbocytopenia, neutropenia
Splenic rupture
Bells palsy, Gullian-Barre syndrome, encephalitis

39
Q

Mono mgmt

A 
95% are self-limiting
Acetaminophen or NSAIDS
Warm saline gargles
Rest
Avoid contact sports for 6-8 wks
40
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

1% of newborns are infected
Transmitted by close contact, body fluids
Lifelong infection
Can be transmitted form mother to baby and nursing

41
Q

CMV presentation

A

Congenital: petechiae, organomegaly, jaundice
microcephaly, growth retardation, prematurity
Perinatal: Poor weight gain, adenopathy, rash, hepatitis, anemia, atypical lymphocytosis
CMV mono: Heterophil Ab negative mono synrome
Prolonged high fevers, malaise
Myalgias, HA
Exudative pharyngitis

42
Q

CMV diagnosis

A

Viral culture**
PCR
Antigen Assays

43
Q

CMV Tx

A

Ganciclovir

44
Q

characteristic CMV lesions?

A

Blueberry muffins

45
Q

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

A

Human parvovirus B19

Respiratory tract is the route of infection

46
Q

Fifth disease presentation

A

Mild febrile exanthematous disease with little to no prodrome.
Low grade fever, conjunctivitis, URI, cough, myalgia, itching, nausea, diarrhea

47
Q

Classic Fifth disease sign?

A

Slapped face lesion.
Indurated, confluent erythema of the cheeks, fiery red.
Bilateral symmetric eruptions
Usually lasts 1 week.

48
Q

5th disease dx

A

Usually made clinically in kids
Elevated IgM anti-parvovirus antibodies
PCR in serum

49
Q

5th disease Tx

A

NSAIDS

Can start at 6 months of age

50
Q

Roseola (Infantum)

A

HHV-6: b-cell lymphotropic virus
Benign disease of infants 6 months to 4yo.
Most commonly seen < 2yo

51
Q

Roseola is a major cause of infantile _____?

A

Seizures

52
Q

Roseola presentation

A

5-15 days of incubation
Abrupt onset of irritability and fever: very high (3-5 days)
Rash appears several hours after sudden drop in temperature

53
Q

Roseola rash

A 
Faint small (2-3mm) macules or maculopapules over neck and trunk extendign to thighs and buttocks.
Lasts from a few hours to 1-2 days
54
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A

Remains worldwide health issue
Transmitted through nasopharyngeal secretions
Highly contagious

55
Q

Measles presentation

A

Acute febrile eruption for 9-11 days

10% mortality from encephalitis

56
Q

Measles rash

A

Koplik’s spot.
Small, red irregular lesions with blue-white centers appearing on oral mucosa.
Brick red, irregular rash

57
Q

Measles Tx

A

Isolation
Bedrest
Antipyretics
Fluids

58
Q

Rubella

A

“3 day measles”
Nasopharyngeal secretions transmit virus
Transplacental transmission

59
Q

Rubella Presentation

A

Viral exanthematous primary disease, milder than measles.
Lymphadenopathy
Rash 14 - 21 days after exposure following same pattern as rubeola

60
Q

Congenital Rubella

A 
Heart malformations
Eye lesions
Microcephaly
Mental retardation
organomegaly
intrauterine growth retardation
61
Q

Rubella Dx

A

Antibodies to togavirus

Leukopenia

62
Q

Mumps

A

A paramyxovirus
Occurs most frequently in spring
Spread by respiratory route

63
Q

Mumps presentation

A 
12 - 25 days of incubation
Swollen parotid glands
Very tender parotids
Epididymoorchitis - spread to testis
25-30% of males get this testi thing
64
Q

Viruses causing common cold (3)

A

Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Adenovirus

65
Q

Influenza

A

Caused by orthomyxoviridae
A B and C are surface antigens
Major antigenic shifts occur regularly
B and C are humans only

66
Q

Influenza Presentation

A

Abrupt onset of systemic symptoms
HA, fever, cough, pharyngitis
Cough, dyspnea
Generally resolves in one week

67
Q

Influenza complications

A

Pneumonia
Reye’s syndrome (young kids)
Myositis, rhabdo
Myocarditis, pericarditis

68
Q

Influenza Tx

A

APAP
Rest
Fluids
Abx for pneumonia

69
Q

Anti-influenza drugs

A 
Neuroaminidase inhibitors:
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Zanamavir (Relenza)
Adamantane Inhibitors/H2 inhibitors:
Amantadine
Rimantadine
70
Q

Flu shot contraindicated if allergic to?

A

Eggs

71
Q

Bronchiolitis

A 
Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV)
Paramyxovirus genus
Major respiratory pathogen of young children
Close contact will transmit
Incidence rates highest in 1-6 months
72
Q

Bronchiolitis Presentation

A

Rhinorrhea, low grade fever, cough, wheezing
Severe: tachypnea, dyspnea, hypoxia, wheezing, rhonchi and rales
Young children tend to get pneumonia

73
Q

Bronchiolitis Tx

A

Ribavirin

Isolation, oxygen, hydration, antibronchospastic agents

74
Q

Croup

A

Caused by parainfluenza viruses
Type 1: most frequent cause
Type 2: less severe
Type 3: Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants

75
Q

Croup Presentation

A

Acute febrile illness in children
Coryza, ST, hoarseness
Breathing difficulty
Much worse at night

76
Q

Croup Tx

A 
Cool or moist air can bring relief
APAP
Aerosolized epinephrine
Pred to go
Avoid cough medicines
77
Q

Rabies

A

caused by rhabdovirus
Urban : dogs and cats
Sylvatic: skunks, foxes, raccoons, wolves and bats

78
Q

Rabies presentation

A

FLS prodrome for a few days

Parasthesias around site of innoculation

79
Q

Rabies encephalitis

A

Development of excessive motor activity
Confusion, hallucinations
Sensitivity to bright light, dilated pupils
Fever

80
Q

Rabies brainstem dysfxn

A

Occur shortly after encephalitis
Dysphagia (foaming at mouth)
Coma, respiratory failure
Scared of water, wont drink

81
Q

Variola (Smallpox)

A

Rash starts on face
Deep lesions
Often on palms soles
Back has more than abdomen

Infectious Disease (12 decks)

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