Beta Lactam Antibiotics

Question 1

Beta Lactam Antibiotics

Answer 1

Most commonly perscribes abx
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Question 2

Beta lactam structure

Answer 2

Beta lactam ring that inhibits enzyme from building cell wall.

Question 3

Beta lactams are bacteriacidal to______ bacteria

Answer 3

Growing

Interferes with transpeptidation of cell wall synth

Question 4

Beta lactam resistance

Answer 4

Bacteria produce beta lactamase, which breaks down beta lactam ring.
Beta lactams often given with beta lactamase inhibitor.

Question 5

Amoxacillin with beta lactamase inhibitor?

Answer 5

Augmentin

Question 6

Penicillin G kills:

Answer 6

Gram+ cocci, rods (strep, staph, listeria)
Gram- cocci (neisseria)
Most anaerobes

Question 7

Penicillin G dosage forms

Answer 7

IM, IV, PCN V is oral form

Actual dosage varies

Question 8

PCN G IM form used for?

Answer 8

Strep and syphilis

Gonorrhea now resistant

Question 9

IV PCN used for?

Answer 9

meningitis and endocarditis

Question 10

Penicillin V uses

Answer 10

Used mostly for strep but out of favor now

Question 11

Penicillin V dosage

Answer 11

250 - 500 mg QID for strep

Question 12

Antistaphylococcal PCN’s

Answer 12

Used for beta lactamase producing staph

DIcloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin

Question 13

2nd Gen PCN’s

Answer 13

Ampicillin, amoxacillin

Question 14

2nd gen PCN use

Answer 14

Otitis, sinusitis, Lower RTI

Question 15

2nd gen PCN dosage

Answer 15

250 - 500 mg q8hr

Question 16

3rd gen PCN’s

Answer 16

Carbenicillin and Ticarcillin

Question 17

3rd gen PCN uses

Answer 17

strep, grem- bacilli (e coli, klebs pneumo) pesudomonas and anaerobes

Question 18

3rd gen Dosage

Answer 18

3g q 4-6 IV

Question 19

4th gen PCN’s

Answer 19

Piperacillin

Same profile as 3rd gen, but better at klebs and enterococci

Question 20

Beta Lactamase Inhibitors

Answer 20

Cluvulanic acid, sublactam, tazobactam
Inhibit bacterial lactamased
Used in conjunction with PCN’s

Question 21

Cephalosporins

Answer 21

Progress from 1st to 3rd gen
An increase in gram-, decrease in gram+
Food enhances absorption in GI

Question 22

1st Gen Cephalosporins

Answer 22

Cephalexin (keflex) and cefazolin (Ancef)

Question 23

1st gen Cephalosporin activity

Answer 23

gram+ organisms such as strep and staph (NOT MRSA), some gram- activity

Question 24

1st gen Cephalosporin dosage

Answer 24

cephalexin (keflex): 250 - 500mg qid

Cephazolin (ancef): 1-2mg IV for surgical prophylaxis and open injuries

Question 25

What is cephalexin mostly used for?

Answer 25

uncomplicated cellulitis

Question 26

2nd gen Cephalosporins

Answer 26

cefaclor (oral)
cefuroxime (iv): CA pneumonia (H.flu, klebs, penicillin resistant pneumoniae)
Cephoxatin (iv): GI surgery prophylaxis
Cephoxatin (iv): peritonitis, diverticulitis (gram- rods, bacteroides)

Question 27

3rd Gen cephalosporins

Answer 27

cefotaxime, ceftazidime
Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime tx meningitis and useful against PNC resistant strains pneumococci and sepsis.
Ceftriaxone tx gonorhea/lyme disease

Question 28

4th gen cephalosporins

Answer 28

cefepime (IV)

used for meningitis, sepsis as well.

Question 29

Gonorrhea =

Answer 29

Ceftriaxone (Roceffan)

Question 30

Carbapenems

Answer 30

Structure similar to beta lactam ring
Rarely used, but very resistent to beta lactamase
Imipenem
Used for intraabdominal infxns, gonorrhea, pseudomonas, H. flu