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NBS Part One- Pathology > Fundementals Of Pathology (pg. 53-54) > Flashcards

Fundementals Of Pathology (pg. 53-54) Flashcards

1
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Decrease in size

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2
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Increase in size

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3
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Increase in number

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4
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

One cell type to another

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5
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

Size shape and function change

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6
Q

What is anaplasia?

A

Disorganization or cancer

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7
Q

What is hypoplasia?

A

Defective development

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8
Q

What is aplasia?

A

Lack of development

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9
Q

What is agenesis?

A

Absence of growth

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10
Q

What type of degeneration is coagulation infarction?

A

Myocardial infarction

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11
Q

What type of degeneration is liquefaction?

A

Brain

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12
Q

What type of degeneration is Caseous?

A

TB

Single lesion=Ghons complex

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13
Q

What type of degeneration is enzymatic?

A

Head of pancreas

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14
Q

What type of degeneration is alveogon?

A

Tail of pancreas

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15
Q

What type of generation is fatty?

A

The liver

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16
Q

What type of degeneration is Gummatous?

A

Tertiary syphilis (in the brain)

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17
Q

What type of degeneration is wallerian?

A

Peripheral nerves (distal to proximal)

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18
Q

What type of immunity cells are liver cells?

A

Kupffer cells

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19
Q

What are the immunity cells for alveoli?

A

Alveolar macrophages

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20
Q

What type of immunity cells are in the brain?

A

Microglial cells

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21
Q

What type of immunity cells are in the tissues?

A

Histocytes or fixed macrophages

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22
Q

What type of immunity cells are in the lungs?

A

Dust cells

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23
Q

What is humoral immunity

A

Anti-body B cells

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24
Q

Where are you moral immunity cells found?

A

Spleen tonsils lymph, G.I. and bone marrow

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25
Q

Where is cellular immunity cells found?

A

In the Thymus

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26
Q

What is cellular immunity?

A

Sensitized lymphocyte T cells

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27
Q

What does cellular immunity protect against?

A

Protect body from own defense system bacteria viruses and poisons

28
Q

What is an IGA immunoglobulin?

A

Milk and membranes

29
Q

What is characteristic about IgG immunoglobulins?

A

Smallest and most numerous

30
Q

What is IGE associated with?

A

Allergies and parasites

31
Q

What kind of response is an IgM?

A

The first response and is the largest

32
Q

What is type one hypersensitivity?

A

Immediate

33
Q

What is type 2 hypersensitivity?

A

Antibody mediated

34
Q

What is type III hypersensitivity?

A

Immune

35
Q

What is type four hypersensitivity?

A

T-cell mediated

36
Q

What is the acronym for the four types of hypersensitivity’s?

A

I am it

37
Q

What type of white blood cell is a neutrophil?

A

A bacterial infection or acute infection, phagocytic

38
Q

What type of WBC is a lymphocyte?

A

A viral infection or chronic disease

39
Q

What type of WBC is a monocyte?

A

Chronic infection 5-8%

40
Q

What type of WBC is an eosinophil??

A

Parasitic and allergic conditions 2-4%

41
Q

What type of WBC is a basophil?

A

S similar to mast cells makes heparin and histamine 0-.5%

42
Q

What is the acronym for white blood cell’s or leukocytes?

A 
never 60%
let 30%
my 8%
engine 3%
blow 0%
43
Q

Which three conditions have ivory white vertebra?

A
  1. Mets
  2. Pagets
  3. Hodgkins
44
Q

What is another name for pagets disease?

A

Osteitis Deformas

45
Q

What is associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Reed Sternberg cell
relapsing fever
ivory white vertebra

46
Q

What is brutons agammaglobulinemia?

A

The inability to produce antibiotics due to lack of B cells

47
Q

What is multiple myeloma associated with?

A

Bence Jones proteinura

Most common primary malignancy of the spine

48
Q

What is aids and what conditions are associated with it?

A

It is a retrovirus that attacks T4 helper cells

  1. Karposi sarcoma
  2. Parasitic pneumonia
49
Q

What is Hashimoto’s?

A

An autoimmune disease

most common hypothyroidism

50
Q

What is unique about Burkitts lymphoma?

A 
Has starry sky appearance 
is aggressive 
found in children 
Abdominal mass
 Epstein-Barr virus 
can be cured with chemo
51
Q

What is present in all leukemia?

A

Anemia

52
Q

What is acute lymphocytic or actuate lymphoblastic leukemia?

A

Similar to Burkitts lymphoma or starry cells peaks at 3 to 4 years old ALL

53
Q

What is chronic myelocystic a.k.a. chronic granulocystic

A

CML- found in all ages peek at 40 to 50 years old chromosomal abnormality “Philadelphia chromosome”

54
Q

What is active myeloblastic or acute granulocystic leukemia?

A

AML-most common in young adults peak is 15 to 20 years old

55
Q

What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

A

CLL- found most commonly in elderly

56
Q

What is Kwashiorkor disease?

A

And immunodeficiency disease

Deficiency of protein only
“potbelly” loss of muscle mass
rare in US children
however 50% elderly in nursing homes

57
Q

What condition is Marasmus?

A

In immuno deficiency disease deficient of protein and calories

WHO says 5 million children die each year from malnutrition

58
Q

What is a protective response in acute inflammation and repair?

A

Leukocytes and platelets

59
Q

What is a mediated response in acute inflammation and repair?

A

Chemical factors from plasma or cells

60
Q

In regards to acute inflammation and repair what changes in vascular caliber?

A

An increase in blood flow

61
Q

When do plasma proteins and leukocytes leave circulation?

A

During acute inflammation and repair

62
Q

What are the steps of emmigration of leukocytes to injury

A 
A. margination 
B. rolling 
C. tight adhesion 
D. Migration across vessel wall 
E. Migration to tissue
63
Q

What is a chronic reaction to inflammation and repair?

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages (primary)

64
Q

What are the signs of acute inflammation?

A 
Rubor (red)
Tumor (swollen)
Callor (hot)
Dolor (pain)
Loss of function
65
Q

What are the steps of inflammation and repair?

A
  1. Transient vasoconstriction (few secs)
  2. Vasodilation (increase bf)
  3. Slowing of circulation
    A. Increased permeability, viscosity, and concentration of red cells (stasis)
    B. Neutrophils stick to endothelium
    C. Migrate to interstitial tissue and margination occurs
66
Q

What are the chemical mediators to acute inflammation and repair?

A 
Histamine- mast cells
serotonin 
complement- 20 components 
Kinin- increases vascular permeability 
Clotting system

NBS Part One- Pathology (6 decks)

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