Fundementals Of Pathology (pg. 53-54)

Question 1

What is atrophy?

Answer 1

Decrease in size

Question 2

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 2

Increase in size

Question 3

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 3

Increase in number

Question 4

What is metaplasia?

Answer 4

One cell type to another

Question 5

What is dysplasia?

Answer 5

Size shape and function change

Question 6

What is anaplasia?

Answer 6

Disorganization or cancer

Question 7

What is hypoplasia?

Answer 7

Defective development

Question 8

What is aplasia?

Answer 8

Lack of development

Question 9

What is agenesis?

Answer 9

Absence of growth

Question 10

What type of degeneration is coagulation infarction?

Answer 10

Myocardial infarction

Question 11

What type of degeneration is liquefaction?

Answer 11

Brain

Question 12

What type of degeneration is Caseous?

Answer 12

TB

Single lesion=Ghons complex

Question 13

What type of degeneration is enzymatic?

Answer 13

Head of pancreas

Question 14

What type of degeneration is alveogon?

Answer 14

Tail of pancreas

Question 15

What type of generation is fatty?

Answer 15

The liver

Question 16

What type of degeneration is Gummatous?

Answer 16

Tertiary syphilis (in the brain)

Question 17

What type of degeneration is wallerian?

Answer 17

Peripheral nerves (distal to proximal)

Question 18

What type of immunity cells are liver cells?

Answer 18

Kupffer cells

Question 19

What are the immunity cells for alveoli?

Answer 19

Alveolar macrophages

Question 20

What type of immunity cells are in the brain?

Answer 20

Microglial cells

Question 21

What type of immunity cells are in the tissues?

Answer 21

Histocytes or fixed macrophages

Question 22

What type of immunity cells are in the lungs?

Answer 22

Dust cells

Question 23

What is humoral immunity

Answer 23

Anti-body B cells

Question 24

Where are you moral immunity cells found?

Answer 24

Spleen tonsils lymph, G.I. and bone marrow

Question 25

Where is cellular immunity cells found?

Answer 25

In the Thymus

Question 26

What is cellular immunity?

Answer 26

Sensitized lymphocyte T cells

Question 27

What does cellular immunity protect against?

Answer 27

Protect body from own defense system bacteria viruses and poisons

Question 28

What is an IGA immunoglobulin?

Answer 28

Milk and membranes

Question 29

What is characteristic about IgG immunoglobulins?

Answer 29

Smallest and most numerous

Question 30

What is IGE associated with?

Answer 30

Allergies and parasites

Question 31

What kind of response is an IgM?

Answer 31

The first response and is the largest

Question 32

What is type one hypersensitivity?

Answer 32

Immediate

Question 33

What is type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 33

Antibody mediated

Question 34

What is type III hypersensitivity?

Answer 34

Immune

Question 35

What is type four hypersensitivity?

Answer 35

T-cell mediated

Question 36

What is the acronym for the four types of hypersensitivity's?

Answer 36

I am it

Question 37

What type of white blood cell is a neutrophil?

Answer 37

A bacterial infection or acute infection, phagocytic

Question 38

What type of WBC is a lymphocyte?

Answer 38

A viral infection or chronic disease

Question 39

What type of WBC is a monocyte?

Answer 39

Chronic infection 5-8%

Question 40

What type of WBC is an eosinophil??

Answer 40

Parasitic and allergic conditions 2-4%

Question 41

What type of WBC is a basophil?

Answer 41

S similar to mast cells makes heparin and histamine 0-.5%

Question 42

What is the acronym for white blood cell's or leukocytes?

Answer 42

``` never 60% let 30% my 8% engine 3% blow 0% ```

Question 43

Which three conditions have ivory white vertebra?

Answer 43

1. Mets 2. Pagets 3. Hodgkins

Question 44

What is another name for pagets disease?

Answer 44

Osteitis Deformas

Question 45

What is associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Answer 45

Reed Sternberg cell relapsing fever ivory white vertebra

Question 46

What is brutons agammaglobulinemia?

Answer 46

The inability to produce antibiotics due to lack of B cells

Question 47

What is multiple myeloma associated with?

Answer 47

Bence Jones proteinura Most common primary malignancy of the spine

Question 48

What is aids and what conditions are associated with it?

Answer 48

It is a retrovirus that attacks T4 helper cells 1. Karposi sarcoma 2. Parasitic pneumonia

Question 49

What is Hashimoto's?

Answer 49

An autoimmune disease most common hypothyroidism

Question 50

What is unique about Burkitts lymphoma?

Answer 50

``` Has starry sky appearance is aggressive found in children Abdominal mass Epstein-Barr virus can be cured with chemo ```

Question 51

What is present in all leukemia?

Answer 51

Anemia

Question 52

What is acute lymphocytic or actuate lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer 52

Similar to Burkitts lymphoma or starry cells peaks at 3 to 4 years old ALL

Question 53

What is chronic myelocystic a.k.a. chronic granulocystic

Answer 53

CML- found in all ages peek at 40 to 50 years old chromosomal abnormality "Philadelphia chromosome"

Question 54

What is active myeloblastic or acute granulocystic leukemia?

Answer 54

AML-most common in young adults peak is 15 to 20 years old

Question 55

What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

Answer 55

CLL- found most commonly in elderly

Question 56

What is Kwashiorkor disease?

Answer 56

And immunodeficiency disease Deficiency of protein only "potbelly" loss of muscle mass rare in US children however 50% elderly in nursing homes

Question 57

What condition is Marasmus?

Answer 57

In immuno deficiency disease deficient of protein and calories WHO says 5 million children die each year from malnutrition

Question 58

What is a protective response in acute inflammation and repair?

Answer 58

Leukocytes and platelets

Question 59

What is a mediated response in acute inflammation and repair?

Answer 59

Chemical factors from plasma or cells

Question 60

In regards to acute inflammation and repair what changes in vascular caliber?

Answer 60

An increase in blood flow

Question 61

When do plasma proteins and leukocytes leave circulation?

Answer 61

During acute inflammation and repair

Question 62

What are the steps of emmigration of leukocytes to injury

Answer 62

``` A. margination B. rolling C. tight adhesion D. Migration across vessel wall E. Migration to tissue ```

Question 63

What is a chronic reaction to inflammation and repair?

Answer 63

Lymphocytes and macrophages (primary)

Question 64

What are the signs of acute inflammation?

Answer 64

``` Rubor (red) Tumor (swollen) Callor (hot) Dolor (pain) Loss of function ```

Question 65

What are the steps of inflammation and repair?

Answer 65

1. Transient vasoconstriction (few secs) 2. Vasodilation (increase bf) 3. Slowing of circulation A. Increased permeability, viscosity, and concentration of red cells (stasis) B. Neutrophils stick to endothelium C. Migrate to interstitial tissue and margination occurs

Question 66

What are the chemical mediators to acute inflammation and repair?

Answer 66

``` Histamine- mast cells serotonin complement- 20 components Kinin- increases vascular permeability Clotting system ```