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NBS Part One- Pathology > Disorders Of The Musculoskeletal System Pg. 55-57 > Flashcards

Disorders Of The Musculoskeletal System Pg. 55-57 Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Paget’s disease?

A

Osteitis Deformas

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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of osteitis Deformas? (Pagets)

A

Older males, bone deformities, mosaic layers, osteoporosis circumscripta (skull), bowing tibia, pseudofractures, cortical thickening, osteoblastic-osteoclastic activity, saber shin, deafness, coarseness trabeculae, IVORY WHITE VERTEBRA (leads to osteosarcoma, less than 1%)

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3
Q

What lab test can be performed to determine benign osteitis Deformas?

A

Increased alkaline phosphatase by 40 times

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4
Q

What is another name for neurofibromatosis?

A

Von ruklinghausen’s disease

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of neurofibromatosis?

A

They are genetically inherited,
Autosomal dominant
Chromosome 17
effects neural crest cells (shwann, melanocytes)

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6
Q

What can neurofibromas cause?

A

Compression of nerves and café Au lait spots

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7
Q

What is fibrous dysplasia?

A

The occurrence of bone thinning and lesions or growth in bone- benign

One bone=monostotic
Many bones=polyostotic

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8
Q

What is McCune-Albrights syndrome related to and what is it?

A

It is related to fibrous dysplasia

Occurs in young girls, several bones are involved, is endocrine related and precocious (early puberty)

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9
Q

What is a hemangioma?

A

Most common benign bone tumor of the vertebra

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10
Q

What is osteochondroma?

A

Most common benign bone tumor of the body (sessile ((no stalk)) and pedunculated)

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11
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Brittle bones- is genetic from abnormal collagen, related to fractures and blue sclera

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12
Q

When does osteoporosis occur and what is it related to?

A

Occurs post menopausal and related to an increase in Fractures

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13
Q

What is osteopetrosis?

A

Overgrowth and sclerosis bone

–weak and fractures

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14
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Staff infection in bone

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15
Q

What is Potts disease?

A

TB of the spine

Spreads to Lungs–> thoracics–> eats joint–> vertebra collapses–> increase kyphoses= gibbus deformity

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16
Q

What is an avulsion fracture?

A

When the ligament pulls away part of the bone

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17
Q

What is an compound avulsion fracture?

A

A fracture that protrudes through skin

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18
Q

What is a simple avulsion fracture?

A

A fracture that does not protrude through the skin

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19
Q

What are other names for avascular necrosis?

A

AVN
Ischemic necrosis
Aseptic necrosis
Osteochondrosis

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20
Q

What is a osgood schlatters disease and leg calve perthes associated with?

A

Avascular necrosis

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21
Q

Where is Osgood Schlatters disease found?

A

Tibial tuberous its –common 13-16year olds

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22
Q

Where is legg calve perthes found?

A

Femoral head, common 4-8year olds

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23
Q

What is another name for osteoarthritis?

A

Degenerative joint disease

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24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

Narrowing of the joint spaces
Subchondral sclerosis
Osteoblastic activity

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25
Q

What kind of joint is affected by osteoarthritis?

A

A weight bearing joint

** asymmetrical labs are normal

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26
Q

What does rheumatoid arthritis and pneumonia equal?

A

Caplans

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27
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A 
Female and 20-40 years old 
Symmetrical
Has pannus formation
Ulnar deviation
Inflammation of synovium
Effects Limbs and cervical's
Morning stiffness
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28
Q

What is Felty syndrome?

A

Long-standing rheumatoid arthritis

– hepatoma gaily, splenomegaly

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29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of reiters disease?

A

A type of reactive arthritis that happens as a reaction to a bacterial infection

Adult males, STD, chlamydia, feet and spine, conjunctivitis, urethritis, and arthritis

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30
Q

What two conditions are associated with Café-au-lait spots?

A

Neurofibromatosis and Fibrous Dysplasia (Know the difference between the two!)

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31
Q

What is the main thing to associate with Osteoporosis

A

Dowenger’s hump (kyphosis)

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32
Q

What does Staph infect?

A

Bone

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33
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

lots of pieces!

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34
Q

OA is a bone _________, where as osteoporosis is a bone _______?

A

maker, taker

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35
Q

Which condition is autoimmune? Rheumatoid Arthritis or Osteoarthritis?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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36
Q

What is Juvenile RA?

A

Another name: Stills RA, RA latex is positive, Sero is positive indicating RA

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37
Q

Who is most likely to get RA?

A

Women ages 20-40

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38
Q

what kind of arthritis is Reiter’s arthritis?

A

REACTIVE “Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t dance with me!”

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39
Q

What bacterial infection is Reiter’s Arthritis linked with?

A

Chlamydia

40
Q

Can you feel the joint during Charcot Joint Arthritis?

A

NO, an abusive arthritis

41
Q

What are the 6 D’s affecting joints in Charcot Joint Arthritis?

A 
Debris
Dysfunction
Deformity
Dislocation
Destructive
Distention
Disease
42
Q

What is another name for Charcot Joint Arthritis?

A

Neurogenic Joint Arthritis

43
Q

What part of the nervous system is mostly associated with Charcot Joint disease?

A

The posterior column, major destruction occurs

Diabetes (feet) and syringomyelia (shoulder)

44
Q

What kind of deformity is seen in Psoriatic Arthritis (Psoriasis)

A

Pencil-in-cup deformity in phalanx, this destroys joints

“Mouse ears”

45
Q

What is Ray’s Sign?

A

When all three joints of phalanges are affected, PIP, DIP….

46
Q

What arthritis has Ray’s sign?

A

Psoriatic

47
Q

What condition has pitted nails, silver scales, and rays sign?

A

Psoriatic

48
Q

is gout outside or inside the joint?

A

Gout is OUT!

Uric acid is IN

49
Q

What can’t you eat when you have gout?

A

Red wine, cheese, red meat (purines)

50
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of gout?

A

Tophi (helix of ear)
Podagra (big toe)
destruction around the joint
and purine metabolism problem

51
Q

where is Pseudogout (CPPD)?

A

the Knee!

52
Q

What does CPPD stand for?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition

53
Q

What do psudogout and gout have in common?

A

They both can attack a joint over and over without showing on an xray finding

54
Q

What is another name for Ankylosing Spondylitis?

A

Marie Strumpell

55
Q

Does RA like the pelvis? “Rheumatoid Arthritis)

A

NO

56
Q

Does AS like the pelvis? (Ankylosing Spondylitis)

A

YES!

57
Q

Where does Ankylosing Spondylitis start?

A

In the SI joints, normally of young males *** symmetrical

58
Q

What does Ankylosing Spondylitis look like?

A

Poker or bamboo spine –> becomes ridged and looks like a straight rod

59
Q

what Arthritis condition is sero negative?

A

Akylosing Spondylitis

60
Q

What part of the spine is the “trolley track” in AS?

A

If the vertebra fuse on the sides as well as in the middle going up the spine

61
Q

What antigen is in AS?

A

HLA-B27 (sero -) is an immune condition

62
Q

What part of the spine is the “Dager sign”

A

fusion of the middle of the spine as it ascends “has shiny corners”

63
Q

What symptom will someone with AS have?

A

Breathing difficulties

64
Q

What does DISH stand for?

A

Diffuse
Idiopathic
Skeletal
Hyperostosis

65
Q

What is the difference between DISH and AS?

A

AS fuses from the bottom up on a young boy

DISH fuses from the neck down on an middle age person

66
Q

What fuses in AS?

A

Posterior Joints and supraspinous ligaments

67
Q

What does dish NEVER DO???

A

NEVER fuses posterior joints!

68
Q

What is another name for DISH?

A

Forrestiers Disease

69
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of DISH?

A

Males over 50 years, calcification of ALL’s, cervical pain, stiffness and decreased ROM

70
Q

What is DISH associated with?

A

Diabetes Melitis (DISH –> Diabetes)

71
Q

Who is most likely to get Erb-Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy?

A

0-12 year old boys

Condition is severe and fatal

72
Q

what type of autosomal condition is Erb-Duchenne?

A

Autosomal Recessive, X-linked from Mom to Son

73
Q

What is associated with Erb-Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles (build up of calf muscles, the body eats it away and replaces it with fat)

CPK is an enzyme that is increased 300x

74
Q

What part of the body does Erb-Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy mostly affect?

A

Pelvis and legs

75
Q

Who is most likely to get Becker Muscular Dystrophy?

A

10-70 year old

76
Q

What type of autosomal condition is Becker Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Autosomal Recessive

77
Q

How is Becker Muscular Dystrophy different than Erb Duchenne?

A

Its more mild and less severe, slower

78
Q

Who is most likely to get Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy?

A

10-20 year olds

79
Q

What kind of autosomal condition is Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy?

A

Autosomal Dominant

80
Q

What part of the body does Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy affect?

A

the shoulders and face

Is mild**

81
Q

what kind of autosomal condition is Myotonic Dystrophy?

A

autosomal dominant

82
Q

Who is most likely to get myotonic dystrophy and what does it affect?

A

Adults are more likely, and it affects face, tongue, and extremities
** Is a slow progression

83
Q

What are the other names for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

Acute Demyelinating Polyneuritis

Landry’s Paralysis

84
Q

What is the cause of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

Immunizations

85
Q

What symtoms accompany Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A 
Acute polyneuropathy (degeneration of nerves), polyradiculitis (sciatica, when spinal nerve is affected)
Ascending Paralysis
86
Q

What is another name for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Erb-Goldflam’s

87
Q

What happens with Myasthenia Gravis?

A 
Myonerual junction defect (MC women) 
A decrease in acetylcholine receptors 
affects Cranial Nerves 
     Ptosis
     diplopia
     eyes are affected FIRST
88
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton common with?

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lungs

89
Q

what happens during Lambert-Eaton?

A

Increased contractions with repeated stimuli

90
Q

What type of condition is Lambert Eaton?

A

An Autoimmune condition

91
Q

What type of autosomal condition is Charcot-Marie-Tooth?

A

Autosomal dominant

92
Q

What type of pain is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth?

A

Calf pain… calf muscle atrophy and demyelination

happens onset in childhood

93
Q

What type of autosomal condition is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

A

Autosomal Dominant

94
Q

What are the effects of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

Hyperextensible skin and joints

larger artery fragility

95
Q

Who is most likely to get McArdle’s Disease?

A

30-40 year olds

96
Q

What symptoms is McArdle’s Disease associated with?

A

Myalgia, early fatigue, painful cramps, weakness of exercising muscles

NBS Part One- Pathology (6 decks)

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