Disorders Of The Musculoskeletal System Pg. 55-57 Flashcards
What is another name for Paget’s disease?
Osteitis Deformas
What are the signs and symptoms of osteitis Deformas? (Pagets)
Older males, bone deformities, mosaic layers, osteoporosis circumscripta (skull), bowing tibia, pseudofractures, cortical thickening, osteoblastic-osteoclastic activity, saber shin, deafness, coarseness trabeculae, IVORY WHITE VERTEBRA (leads to osteosarcoma, less than 1%)
What lab test can be performed to determine benign osteitis Deformas?
Increased alkaline phosphatase by 40 times
What is another name for neurofibromatosis?
Von ruklinghausen’s disease
What are the characteristics of neurofibromatosis?
They are genetically inherited,
Autosomal dominant
Chromosome 17
effects neural crest cells (shwann, melanocytes)
What can neurofibromas cause?
Compression of nerves and café Au lait spots
What is fibrous dysplasia?
The occurrence of bone thinning and lesions or growth in bone- benign
One bone=monostotic
Many bones=polyostotic
What is McCune-Albrights syndrome related to and what is it?
It is related to fibrous dysplasia
Occurs in young girls, several bones are involved, is endocrine related and precocious (early puberty)
What is a hemangioma?
Most common benign bone tumor of the vertebra
What is osteochondroma?
Most common benign bone tumor of the body (sessile ((no stalk)) and pedunculated)
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Brittle bones- is genetic from abnormal collagen, related to fractures and blue sclera
When does osteoporosis occur and what is it related to?
Occurs post menopausal and related to an increase in Fractures
What is osteopetrosis?
Overgrowth and sclerosis bone
–weak and fractures
What is osteomyelitis?
Staff infection in bone
What is Potts disease?
TB of the spine
Spreads to Lungs–> thoracics–> eats joint–> vertebra collapses–> increase kyphoses= gibbus deformity
What is an avulsion fracture?
When the ligament pulls away part of the bone
What is an compound avulsion fracture?
A fracture that protrudes through skin
What is a simple avulsion fracture?
A fracture that does not protrude through the skin
What are other names for avascular necrosis?
AVN
Ischemic necrosis
Aseptic necrosis
Osteochondrosis
What is a osgood schlatters disease and leg calve perthes associated with?
Avascular necrosis
Where is Osgood Schlatters disease found?
Tibial tuberous its –common 13-16year olds
Where is legg calve perthes found?
Femoral head, common 4-8year olds
What is another name for osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease
What are the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Narrowing of the joint spaces
Subchondral sclerosis
Osteoblastic activity
What kind of joint is affected by osteoarthritis?
A weight bearing joint
** asymmetrical labs are normal
What does rheumatoid arthritis and pneumonia equal?
Caplans
What are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
Female and 20-40 years old Symmetrical Has pannus formation Ulnar deviation Inflammation of synovium Effects Limbs and cervical's Morning stiffness
What is Felty syndrome?
Long-standing rheumatoid arthritis
– hepatoma gaily, splenomegaly
What are the signs and symptoms of reiters disease?
A type of reactive arthritis that happens as a reaction to a bacterial infection
Adult males, STD, chlamydia, feet and spine, conjunctivitis, urethritis, and arthritis
What two conditions are associated with Café-au-lait spots?
Neurofibromatosis and Fibrous Dysplasia (Know the difference between the two!)
What is the main thing to associate with Osteoporosis
Dowenger’s hump (kyphosis)
What does Staph infect?
Bone
What is a comminuted fracture?
lots of pieces!
OA is a bone _________, where as osteoporosis is a bone _______?
maker, taker
Which condition is autoimmune? Rheumatoid Arthritis or Osteoarthritis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is Juvenile RA?
Another name: Stills RA, RA latex is positive, Sero is positive indicating RA
Who is most likely to get RA?
Women ages 20-40
what kind of arthritis is Reiter’s arthritis?
REACTIVE “Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t dance with me!”
What bacterial infection is Reiter’s Arthritis linked with?
Chlamydia
Can you feel the joint during Charcot Joint Arthritis?
NO, an abusive arthritis
What are the 6 D’s affecting joints in Charcot Joint Arthritis?
Debris Dysfunction Deformity Dislocation Destructive Distention Disease
What is another name for Charcot Joint Arthritis?
Neurogenic Joint Arthritis
What part of the nervous system is mostly associated with Charcot Joint disease?
The posterior column, major destruction occurs
Diabetes (feet) and syringomyelia (shoulder)
What kind of deformity is seen in Psoriatic Arthritis (Psoriasis)
Pencil-in-cup deformity in phalanx, this destroys joints
“Mouse ears”
What is Ray’s Sign?
When all three joints of phalanges are affected, PIP, DIP….
What arthritis has Ray’s sign?
Psoriatic
What condition has pitted nails, silver scales, and rays sign?
Psoriatic
is gout outside or inside the joint?
Gout is OUT!
Uric acid is IN
What can’t you eat when you have gout?
Red wine, cheese, red meat (purines)
what are the signs and symptoms of gout?
Tophi (helix of ear)
Podagra (big toe)
destruction around the joint
and purine metabolism problem
where is Pseudogout (CPPD)?
the Knee!
What does CPPD stand for?
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition
What do psudogout and gout have in common?
They both can attack a joint over and over without showing on an xray finding
What is another name for Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Marie Strumpell
Does RA like the pelvis? “Rheumatoid Arthritis)
NO
Does AS like the pelvis? (Ankylosing Spondylitis)
YES!
Where does Ankylosing Spondylitis start?
In the SI joints, normally of young males *** symmetrical
What does Ankylosing Spondylitis look like?
Poker or bamboo spine –> becomes ridged and looks like a straight rod
what Arthritis condition is sero negative?
Akylosing Spondylitis
What part of the spine is the “trolley track” in AS?
If the vertebra fuse on the sides as well as in the middle going up the spine
What antigen is in AS?
HLA-B27 (sero -) is an immune condition
What part of the spine is the “Dager sign”
fusion of the middle of the spine as it ascends “has shiny corners”
What symptom will someone with AS have?
Breathing difficulties
What does DISH stand for?
Diffuse
Idiopathic
Skeletal
Hyperostosis
What is the difference between DISH and AS?
AS fuses from the bottom up on a young boy
DISH fuses from the neck down on an middle age person
What fuses in AS?
Posterior Joints and supraspinous ligaments
What does dish NEVER DO???
NEVER fuses posterior joints!
What is another name for DISH?
Forrestiers Disease
What are the signs and symptoms of DISH?
Males over 50 years, calcification of ALL’s, cervical pain, stiffness and decreased ROM
What is DISH associated with?
Diabetes Melitis (DISH –> Diabetes)
Who is most likely to get Erb-Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy?
0-12 year old boys
Condition is severe and fatal
what type of autosomal condition is Erb-Duchenne?
Autosomal Recessive, X-linked from Mom to Son
What is associated with Erb-Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy?
Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles (build up of calf muscles, the body eats it away and replaces it with fat)
CPK is an enzyme that is increased 300x
What part of the body does Erb-Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy mostly affect?
Pelvis and legs
Who is most likely to get Becker Muscular Dystrophy?
10-70 year old
What type of autosomal condition is Becker Muscular Dystrophy?
Autosomal Recessive
How is Becker Muscular Dystrophy different than Erb Duchenne?
Its more mild and less severe, slower
Who is most likely to get Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy?
10-20 year olds
What kind of autosomal condition is Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy?
Autosomal Dominant
What part of the body does Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy affect?
the shoulders and face
Is mild**
what kind of autosomal condition is Myotonic Dystrophy?
autosomal dominant
Who is most likely to get myotonic dystrophy and what does it affect?
Adults are more likely, and it affects face, tongue, and extremities
** Is a slow progression
What are the other names for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
Acute Demyelinating Polyneuritis
Landry’s Paralysis
What is the cause of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
Immunizations
What symtoms accompany Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
Acute polyneuropathy (degeneration of nerves), polyradiculitis (sciatica, when spinal nerve is affected) Ascending Paralysis
What is another name for Myasthenia Gravis?
Erb-Goldflam’s
What happens with Myasthenia Gravis?
Myonerual junction defect (MC women)
A decrease in acetylcholine receptors
affects Cranial Nerves
Ptosis
diplopia
eyes are affected FIRSTWhat is Lambert-Eaton common with?
Small cell carcinoma of the lungs
what happens during Lambert-Eaton?
Increased contractions with repeated stimuli
What type of condition is Lambert Eaton?
An Autoimmune condition
What type of autosomal condition is Charcot-Marie-Tooth?
Autosomal dominant
What type of pain is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth?
Calf pain… calf muscle atrophy and demyelination
happens onset in childhood
What type of autosomal condition is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
Autosomal Dominant
What are the effects of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
Hyperextensible skin and joints
larger artery fragility
Who is most likely to get McArdle’s Disease?
30-40 year olds
What symptoms is McArdle’s Disease associated with?
Myalgia, early fatigue, painful cramps, weakness of exercising muscles
