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NBS Part One- Pathology > Disorders of the Nervous System (Page 57) > Flashcards

Disorders of the Nervous System (Page 57) Flashcards

1
Q

How is MS diagnosed?

A

By process of elimination

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2
Q

What is Charcot’s Traid in MS?

A
  • Cerebellum has been destroyed- Action tremor SIN
    Speech problems
    Intention tremors
    Nystagmus
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3
Q

What part of the brain is affected in Parkinson’s Disease

A

Basil Ganglia –> Resting Tremors

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4
Q

What part of the brain is affected in Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Cerebellum –> Intention Tremors

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5
Q

Who is most likely to get MS?

A

Female

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6
Q

what is another name for ALS?

A

Lou Gehrigs Disease

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7
Q

What type of disease is ALS?

A

Motor and LMNL of the upper extremities and UMNL of the lower extremities *Fatal and rapid

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8
Q

What deficiency is associated with Postero-Lateral Sclerosis (PSL)

A

Neurological effects of vitamin B12 deficiency

“Stocking and glove paresthesis” irreversible

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9
Q

what is another name for PLS?

A

Combined systems disease

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10
Q

What does PSL affect?

A

Stomach, which affects blood, which affects the nervous system

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11
Q

What is Syringomyelia?

A

A fluid filled cavity present at birth

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12
Q

What symptom’s are associated with syringomyelia?

A

Shawl or cape- like paraesthesia– loss of pain and temperature: Lateral spinothalamic tract

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13
Q

Are commissure lesions bilateral or lateral?

A

ALWAYS bilateral! “Cant fill up one side of the water balloon”

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14
Q

What is Alzheimer’s?

A

Neuro-tangles- presenile dementia

occurs in 50-60 year olds

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15
Q

What is another name for Parkinson’s?

A

Paralysis Agitans “Loui”

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16
Q

What symptoms are associated with Parkinson’s?

A 
Lewy Body! 
Resting tremors
postural instability
muscular rigidity
mask like face
shuffling gait
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17
Q

Does cerebral palsy progress?

A

NO

Anoxia (absence of oxygen) at birth

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18
Q

What can poliomyelitis affect? CNS or PNS?

A

BOTH! Paralysis

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19
Q

What is Chorea movement?

A

Disorganized movement- Abrupt, jerky movements

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20
Q

Athetosis- Athetoid definition

A

Disorganized movement- worm like- rhythmical movements with writhing movements. Cerebral Palsy*

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21
Q

What is ALS?

A

Muscle weakness, both atrophy and spasticity, dysarthria (motor speech disorder) , dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dyspnea (labored breathing)

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22
Q

What are neurofibromas?

A

Benign nerve sheath tumors

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23
Q

are neurofibromas genetically inherited?

A

Yes

24
Q

What are the characteristics of neurofibromas?

A

physical disfiguration, pain, cognitive disability

25
Q

What condition would you get at the final stage of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Progressive Bulbar Palsy

26
Q

What is Progressive Bulbar Palsy?

A

Difficulty Swallowing, chewing, and talking

Has a poor prognosis*

27
Q

What are the alternative names for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome RSDS?

A

Sudek’s Atrophy

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

28
Q

What is RSDS?

A

Pain after injury, injured proximal –> pain is distal

Autonomic changes, loss of hiar, increased or no sweat

29
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

An interruption of the sympathetics:

Ptosis, Miosis, Anhydrosis (without sweat) – Unilateral

30
Q

R-S-D-S a _______ mess!

A

Sympathetic

31
Q

What is Graves disease?

A

An autoimmune condition-

Hyperthyroidism, exopthalmosis, weight loss, insomnia, anxiety, and tremors

32
Q

What is the key sign with SLE? “Lupus”

A

Malar (Cheek) Rash - butterfly (Cheek and Forehead) rash on face (sometimes called red wolf rash)
** can have kidney problems associated

33
Q

Who does SLE occur in?

A

Females

34
Q

What is Sjogren’s associated with?

A

RA

35
Q

what does Xero mean?

A

DRY

36
Q

What are the symptoms of Sjogern’s?

A

DRY eyes, mouth, and arthritis

37
Q

What is the other name for Scleroderma?

A

PSS- Progressive Systemic Sclerosis

38
Q

What kind of condition is Scleroderma?

A

Chronic and Progressive– associated with thickening of skin

39
Q

What is the crest sign? (Scleroderma)

A 
Calcinosis 
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Esophageal Dysfunction (hardening)
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
40
Q

What is another name for Trisomy 21?

A

Down’s Syndrome

41
Q

Who normally delivers a down’s syndrome baby?

A

mothers over the age of 40

42
Q

What is another name for Turner’s Syndrome?

A

Bonnevie- Ullrich

43
Q

What age do downs children generally pass away from heart complications?

A

by age 40-50

44
Q

What is the story for Turner’s Syndrome?

A

Bonnie (Bonnevie-Ullrich) is on the unparalleled bars, and she turns (Turners Syndrome) on the bars and lands with no breasts and no periods.

45
Q

What is the key characteristic for Turner’s Syndrome?

A

An infantile Female– never matures with breasts and periods

46
Q

What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome?

A

XXY male with very small testes and a possible mental deficiency (47)

47
Q

What organ is involved with DiGeorge Anamaly?

A

The thymus

48
Q

What kind of deficnency is in DiGeorge Anomaly?

A

T cell immunodeficiency – Thymic hypoplasia

49
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Cell death

50
Q

What is Rhabdomyoma

A

Skeletal muscle benign

51
Q

What is attacked in Goodpasture’s Disease?

A

Basement membrane is attacked

52
Q

What is right sided heart failure?

A

Cor Pulmonale

53
Q

What does Gouty arthritis have?

A

Uric acid crystals

54
Q

What condition is associated with Pott’s Disease?

A

TB

55
Q

What key sign is seen with Emphysema?

A

Barrel chest

56
Q

Lipofuscin

A

“Wear and tear” Pigments, dark spots

NBS Part One- Pathology (6 decks)

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