Fundamentals of Systematics (Week 5 Lecture 7)

Question 1

Evolution requires ______ ______.

Answer 1

Genetic Variation

Question 2

The genetic makeup of a population is known as ______ ______.

Answer 2

Gene pool

Question 3

______ are variations within a particular gene.

Answer 3

Mutation

Question 4

Changes in gene pool can result from what 2 characteristics?

Answer 4

Mutations and changes in gene frequency

Question 5

Natural mutations occur from what 3 effects?

Answer 5

Errors in DNA replication

Damaging effects of chemical reagents

Radiations that react with DNA and change the structure of individual nucleotides

Question 6

______ mutations have no effect in the functioning of the genome.

Answer 6

Silent

Question 7

True or False: Silent mutations are changes that occur in the coding regions of the genome .

Answer 7

False, occur in the non-coding region of the genome

Question 8

True or False: Mutations occur in both somatic and germ cells.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

______ cells are any cell of an organism other than a reproductive cell.

Answer 9

Somatic

Question 10

______ cells are any line of cells that gives rise to gametes.

Answer 10

Germ line

Question 11

True or False: Somatic cells pass a copy of its genome to the next generation.

Answer 11

False, they do not pass a copy of its genome to the next generation

Question 12

Is there any potential evolutionary impact fort somatic cell mutation?

Answer 12

No because it is not passed down through generation (only affects the individual)

Question 13

True or False: Mutations in germ line cells are present in all the cells of an individual who inherits them.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the Darwinism view of evolution.

Answer 14

Changes in the characteristics of an organism occur by chance and not influenced by the environment in which the organism lives

Beneficial changes are selected for (natural selection)

Question 15

What are the two drivers of evolution.

Answer 15

Natural selection, Random drift

Question 16

______ is the process where one genotyoe leaves more offspring than another genotype due to fitness.

Answer 16

Natural selection

Question 17

Natural selection ______ the frequency of alleles that reduces the fitness of an organism.

Answer 17

Decreases

Question 18

True or False: Natural selection does not always represent progress.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

______ is random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population.

Answer 19

Random drift

Question 20

______ is the formation of new species.

Answer 20

Speciation

Question 21

What are the two stages of speciation?

Answer 21

Geographic isolation, reproductive isolation

Question 22

What are the two stages of speciation?

Answer 22

Geographic isolation, reproductive isolation

Question 23

______ isolation is the isolation by geographical barriers.

Answer 23

Geographic

Question 24

______ isolation is when Members of the two separated groups cannot reproduce successfully, if the geographic barrier is lifted.

Answer 24

Reproductive

Question 25

______ is defined as groups of interbreeding populations that produce fertile offspring.

Answer 25

Species

Question 26

True or False: A separate species forms, when genetic differences accumulate to the point when the two groups can no longer successfully mate and reproduce.

Answer 26

True