Cereals (Week 9 Lecture 13)

Question 1

______ also known as grass family.

Answer 1

Poaceae

Question 2

How many species of poaceae are there?

Answer 2

10 000

Question 3

What is the most important plant family?

Answer 3

Poaceae

Question 4

In addition to cereal grains, grasses are also useful for?

Answer 4

Bamboo shoots
Source of sugar (sucrose)
Alcoholic beverages
Bamboo timbers

Question 5

Are grassses monocots or dicots?

Answer 5

Monocots

Question 6

Grass flowers are on inflorescences and called ______.

Answer 6

spikelets

Question 7

Stems in grasses are called ______.

Answer 7

Culms

Question 8

True or False: Many perennials are rhizomatous or stoloniferous.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are reasons why humans modify grasses (6)?

Answer 9

erect growth and synchrony of tiller formation

strong central stem

short plant stature

prevent lodging (the tendency for tall thin plants to fall and mat, leading to rotting of stems)

spikelets that dont shatter

ease of fruit/grain separation

Question 10

What two crops have mutualistic benefits and why?

Answer 10

corn and beans

legumes (beans) have association with nitrogen fixing bacteria
stalks of corn provided place for bean growth

Question 11

What is one of the first domesticated cereals?

Answer 11

barley

Question 12

What type of grass produces various flavored bread and beer?

Answer 12

barely

Question 13

True or False: More than half barley grown in U.S. is used as feed for livestock; about a quarter is used for brewing beer and making whiskey

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What 3 things has modern selection been directed at fpr barley?

Answer 14

synchronous tiller production,
short stems
tolerance to cold and saline soils

Question 15

What grain did Adam and Eve make their own bread with?

Answer 15

Triticum (wheat)

Question 16

True or False: Wild and early domesticates of wheat were haploid.

Answer 16

False, diploid

Question 17

True or False: polyploidy made ability to produce gluten for making

Answer 17

True

Question 18

______ wheat (diploid, 2n=28) primarily used from pasta and noodle making.

Answer 18

Durum

Question 19

Hexaploid (2n=42) was formed by?

Answer 19

crossing of diploid and tetraploid species – for bread making

Question 20

______ is known as poor persons wheat

Answer 20

Rye

Question 21

Rye has large amounts of what amino acid?

Answer 21

Lysine

Question 22

True or False: Rye is a hardy grain germinating at temps. as low as 1ºC and maturing at temps. as low as 12ºC

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What grass is the fertile offspring of wheat and rye?

Answer 23

Triticale

Question 24

What is the first human-made cereal?

Answer 24

Tritacle

Question 25

What is the world’s most important crop?

Answer 25

Rice

Question 26

What are the two races of rice?

Answer 26

Indica (long) and japonica (short grain)

Question 27

True or False: estimated 1.7 billion people depend on rice and considered sacred and symbol of fertility

Answer 27

True

Question 28

______ rice does not require lots of water to grow well whereas ______ rice is grown in standing water.

Answer 28

Upland, lowland

Question 29

What are 4 other common cereals?

Answer 29

Avena sativa – oats
Zizania palustris – wild rice
Sorghum bicolor – sorghum
Millets
	– Eleusine coracana
	– Pennisetum glaucum