Cereals (Week 9 Lecture 13) Flashcards
______ also known as grass family.
Poaceae
How many species of poaceae are there?
10 000
What is the most important plant family?
Poaceae
In addition to cereal grains, grasses are also useful for?
Bamboo shoots
Source of sugar (sucrose)
Alcoholic beverages
Bamboo timbers
Are grassses monocots or dicots?
Monocots
Grass flowers are on inflorescences and called ______.
spikelets
Stems in grasses are called ______.
Culms
True or False: Many perennials are rhizomatous or stoloniferous.
True
What are reasons why humans modify grasses (6)?
erect growth and synchrony of tiller formation
strong central stem
short plant stature
prevent lodging (the tendency for tall thin plants to fall and mat, leading to rotting of stems)
spikelets that dont shatter
ease of fruit/grain separation
What two crops have mutualistic benefits and why?
corn and beans
legumes (beans) have association with nitrogen fixing bacteria
stalks of corn provided place for bean growth
What is one of the first domesticated cereals?
barley
What type of grass produces various flavored bread and beer?
barely
True or False: More than half barley grown in U.S. is used as feed for livestock; about a quarter is used for brewing beer and making whiskey
True
What 3 things has modern selection been directed at fpr barley?
synchronous tiller production,
short stems
tolerance to cold and saline soils
What grain did Adam and Eve make their own bread with?
Triticum (wheat)
True or False: Wild and early domesticates of wheat were haploid.
False, diploid
True or False: polyploidy made ability to produce gluten for making
True
______ wheat (diploid, 2n=28) primarily used from pasta and noodle making.
Durum
Hexaploid (2n=42) was formed by?
crossing of diploid and tetraploid species – for bread making
______ is known as poor persons wheat
Rye
Rye has large amounts of what amino acid?
Lysine
True or False: Rye is a hardy grain germinating at temps. as low as 1ºC and maturing at temps. as low as 12ºC
True
What grass is the fertile offspring of wheat and rye?
Triticale
What is the first human-made cereal?
Tritacle
What is the world’s most important crop?
Rice
What are the two races of rice?
Indica (long) and japonica (short grain)
True or False: estimated 1.7 billion people depend on rice and considered sacred and symbol of fertility
True
______ rice does not require lots of water to grow well whereas ______ rice is grown in standing water.
Upland, lowland
What are 4 other common cereals?
Avena sativa – oats Zizania palustris – wild rice Sorghum bicolor – sorghum Millets – Eleusine coracana – Pennisetum glaucum
