Fundamentals Of MSK Flashcards
What transducer is used for MSK?
highest MHz (12+), linear
What is the most crucial part of MSK imaging?
patient position
What structures are you looking at in MSK?
-bony cortex
-hyaline cartilage
-skeletal muscle
-ligaments
-tendons
-nerves
-bursae
What do ligaments connect?
bone to bone
What do ligaments look like sonographically?
triangular, hypoechoic
What do skeletal muscles look like sonographically?
bands and bundles in long and speckled echoes in trans
What does bone look like sonographically?
hyperechoic
What does cartilage look like sonographically?
anechoic
What does synovium look like sonographically?
hypoechoic
What does a capsule look like sonographically?
hypoechoic
What do tendons connect?
muscle to bone
What do tendons in long look like sonographically?
echogenic, parallel fibers, consistent bright appearance
What is the tendon footprint?
the attachment
What is tendon conformity?
when the tendon tapers to bony attachment
What is tendon uniformity?
linear attachment
What do tendons in trans look like sonographically?
well defined, hyperechoic, bristle like
What do peripheral nerves in long look like sonographically?
a collection of rods, hypoechoic with echogenic lines
What do peripheral nerves in trans look like sonographically?
honeycombs
What do bursae look like sonographically?
they are NOT usually visible, anechoic/black line, <2mm
What is the most common artifact in MSK?
anisotrophy
What is anisotrophy?
-artifact
-produced when probe is not perpendicular to structure
What are the possible artifacts in MSK imaging?
-anisotrophy
-foreign body shadowing
- surgical hardware ‘comets tail’
What is the correct order of structures in MSK? (anterior to posterior)
- skin
- subc fat
- muscle
- bursa if visible
- tendon
- cartilage
- bone
