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Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Lower frequency = increase ____ and decreased _____

A

penetration and resolution

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2
Q

Superficial to deep structures seen in MSK

A

skin
subq fat
muscle
bursae
tendon
cartilage
bone

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3
Q

Appearance: bone

A

hyperechoic

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4
Q

Appearance: cartilage

A

anechoic

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5
Q

Appearance: tendon

A

echogenic

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6
Q

Appearance: bursae

A

anechoic

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7
Q

Appearance: muscle

A

speckles echoes/ bands, bundles

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8
Q

Appearance: synovium

A

hypoechoic

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9
Q

Appearance: capsule

A

hypoechoic

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10
Q

Appearance: ligament

A

hypoechoic

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11
Q

Appearance: nerves

A

honeycomb

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12
Q

What is the normal size of bursae

A

less than 2mm

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13
Q

Tendon footprint includes ____ and ____

A

conformity and uniformity

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14
Q

Artifacts in MSK

A

anisotrophy, comets tail, foreign body shadowing

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15
Q

Most common artifact in MSK

A

anisotrophy

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16
Q

Anisotrophy is _______ dependent

A

directionally

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17
Q

The 1cm avascular area prox to the greater tuberosity

A

critical zone

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18
Q

Where 90% of rotator cuff pathology occurs

A

critical zone

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19
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. subscapularis
  2. supraspinatus
  3. infraspinatus
  4. teres minor
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20
Q

bones of shoulder

A
  1. scapula
  2. clavicle
  3. humerus
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21
Q

Normal supraspinatus thickness

A

6mm

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22
Q

Pt position for supraspinatus

A

modified crass

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23
Q

Probe position for supraspinatus

A

long @ 2
trans @ 10
on shoulder cap

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24
Q

Trans supraspinatus Appearance

A

tire on wheel

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25
Q

long supraspinatus Appearance

A

beak

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26
Q

Types of tears

A

bursal, artucular, intratendinous, PASTA, full thickness

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27
Q

PASTA stand for….

A

partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion

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28
Q

Biceps tendon pt position

A

modified crass then hand on lap with palm up

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29
Q

Probe position for biceps tendon

A

trans @9
long @12
fron of shoulder

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30
Q

Normal bicep tendon thickness

A

<5mm

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31
Q

Prox bicep tendon tear aka

A

popeye muscle

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32
Q

Distal bicep tendon tear aka

A

reverse popeye sign

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33
Q

infraspinatus pt position

A

arm adducted with internal rotation

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34
Q

probe position for infraspinatus

A

long @8 on posterior/lateral shoulder

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35
Q

bones of elbow

A
  1. humerus
  2. radius
  3. ulna
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36
Q

Tendons of elbow

A
  1. lateral
  2. posterior
  3. medial
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37
Q

Which elbow tendon is associated with tennis elbow

A

lateral

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38
Q

Which elbow tendon is associated with golfers elbow

A

medial

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39
Q

Nerves of elbow/wrist

A
  1. median
  2. radial
  3. ulnar
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40
Q

Antecubital fossa pt position

A

supine, arm bent, palm up

41
Q

What structures are in the ‘pyramid’

A

biceps, brachioradialis, brachialism pronator teres, radial head, ulnar notch

42
Q

Triceps tendon pt position

A

crawling crab

43
Q

probe position for triceps tendon

A

marker @12, probe on elbow tip

44
Q

Pt position for wrist (median nerve)

A

arm rested on pillow, relaxed

45
Q

Probe position for wrist

A

trans @9 on radial side then move up 12cm (4.7inches)

46
Q

What muscle is the median never superficial and medial to

A

flexor pollicis longus

47
Q

Carpal tunnel equation

A

prox nerve diameter / distal nerve diameter

48
Q

> ____ is positive for carpal tunnel

49
Q

Dorsal

A

back of hand

50
Q

ventral

A

front of hand

51
Q

Are ganglion cysts more common on ventral or dorsal side?

52
Q

What is the sticking and stop and go feeling in the thumb?

A

Dequervians Tenosynovitis

53
Q

What are rope like cords in the palm that pull fingers to the hand?

A

Dupuyrens contracture

54
Q

Quad muscles

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. vastus medialis
  4. vastus intermedius
55
Q

Quad / patellar tendon pt position

A

supine with knee bent

56
Q

Quad / patellar tendon probe position

A

long @12
trans @9
probe touching knee cap

57
Q

Normal patellar tendon thickness

58
Q

What tendon is affected with jumpers knee?

59
Q

Where is osgood-sclatters located

A

deep infrapatellar bursa

60
Q

What conditions occur in the subc bursae

A

housemaids and vicars knee

61
Q

Pop fossa / bakers cyst pt position

A

prone/ frog legged

62
Q

Pop fossa / bakers cyst probe position

63
Q

What vessels are interogated in the pop fossa

A

Pop artery, pop vein, gastrocs, LSV

64
Q

What must be demonstrated in a vascular assessment?

A

compressibility and flow

65
Q

Bakers cyst pain is similar to….

A

DVT, Popliteal artery aneurysm, occlusion

66
Q

Bakers cyst results from….

A

arthritis, tear, injury

67
Q

Bakers cyst are on the ____ side of the pop fossa

68
Q

What feature do all bakers cyst have?

A

distinct neck of origin with synovial cavity

69
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve course?

A

through piriformis muscle and down posterior thigh

70
Q

branches of sciatic nerve

A

tibial and peroneal

71
Q

Which branch of the sciatic nerve is more medial

72
Q

causes of sciatica

A

piriformis syndrome
hip degeneration
spinal disc herniation

73
Q

Hip level compression of sciatic nerve is called….

A

piriformis syndrome

74
Q

Achilles tendon connects these 3 muscles

A
  1. plantaris
  2. gastrocs
  3. soleus
75
Q

Length of recovery for achilles tendon tear

A

12-16 months

76
Q

Where do achilles tendon tears occur

A

6-7cm prox to insertion

77
Q

Normal achilled tendon thickness

78
Q

Pt position for achilles tendon

79
Q

Probe position for achilles tendon

A

long @12
trans @9

80
Q

U/S Guidance you must be ____ to the probe

81
Q

Pelvis bones

A
  1. illium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
82
Q

Capsular ligaments

A
  1. iliofemoral
  2. ischiofemoral
  3. pubofemoral
83
Q

Strongest capsular ligament

A

iliofemoral

84
Q

Abdominal muscles attach to

A

iliac crest

85
Q

Tensor fascia lata and sartorius attach to

86
Q

Rectus femoris attach to

87
Q

Gmed and Gmin attach to

A

greater trochanter

88
Q

iliopsoas attach to

A

lesser trochanter

89
Q

hamstrings attach to

A

ischial tuberosity

90
Q

adductors attach to

A

pubic bone

91
Q

Causes of hip joint effusion

A

trauma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infection

92
Q

The femoral neck to the edge of the joint capsule is known as the

A

capsulsynovial distance

93
Q

Abnormal capsulsynovial distance for adult

94
Q

Abmormal capsulsynovial distance for child

95
Q

Abnormal capsulsynovial distance difference

96
Q

Abnormal capsulsynovial fluid

97
Q

most common cause of hip pain in children ages 2-5

A

transient synovitis

98
Q

Test to diagnose tight IT band

A

obers test

99
Q

sensory branch of lumbar plexus

MSK (7 decks)

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