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CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS > Fundamentals of criminal investigations > Flashcards

Fundamentals of criminal investigations Flashcards

1
Q

The investigation is not complete until

A

every credible lead has been considered

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2
Q

What is the goal of criminal investigations

A

to identify the guilty as it is to eliminate those who are not

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3
Q

Who are the Bow Street Runners

A

first well known investigative body in England

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4
Q

London Metropolitan Police ( BOBBIES) were created in what year

A

1849 - after Sir Robert Peel

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5
Q

The headquarters for the London Metro Police is often referred to as:

A

Scotland Yard- the division of London Metro, not England as a whole

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6
Q

First organization of its type in the USA

A

Pinkerton National Detective Agency

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7
Q

Rogues Gallery

A

descriptions, MOs, hiding places. names & associations of known crimminals

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8
Q

What was the Mulberry Street Parade (NYC)

A

9am every morning, arrested criminals and marched in front of detectives for later recognition

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9
Q

What was the single most significant development in criminal investigations

A

The creation of the FBI in 1924

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10
Q

NCIC

A

operational in 1967 by the FBI

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11
Q

What year was the London Metro Police Created

A

1849

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12
Q

What year was the creation of the FBI

A

1924

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13
Q

What was the National Academy

A

Created in 1924 by the FBI to train police

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14
Q

August Volmer

A

Evolution of professional policing:

  • banned graft and gratuities
  • implemented reforms transform policing into modern policing
  • 1st chief to have bike patrol 1910
  • motors 1911
  • patrol cars 1913
  • in car radios 1928
  • created centralized police record system
  • 1st to use blood fibers soil samples to solve crimes
  • police schools 1907
  • outlawed 3rd degree tactics ( beatings)
  • 1st to use lie detector
  • hired African America and female officer
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15
Q

Hans Gross

A

Wrote first publication describing application of science to crime investigations in 1893

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16
Q

Edward Locard

A

France 1910: established first crime lab

17
Q

Locards exchange principle

A

Criminals come into contact with the scene, they will transfer evidence “ there is something to be found”

18
Q

Bertillon system

A

Also known as Anthropometry: physical aspects of human body remain unchanged after full maturity ( skull, eye, ear shape/size etc)

19
Q

What is the study of fingerprints

A

Dactylography

20
Q

Henry Goddard

A

In 1835 he made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from a bullet by locating a bullet mold with a matching mark

21
Q

Professor Balthazard

A

In 1913 he wrote the single most important article in firearms identification. Firing pin, breechblock, extractor, ejector all leave marks.

22
Q

Forensic Pathology

A

Determines the cause of death

23
Q

What is the Rand study

A

In 1970 it determined the effectiveness of police functioning- studied departments with more than 150 sworn, city over 100k population

24
Q

Rand recommendations

A

Post arrest with prosecutors
greater responsibilities for patrol officers
forensic resources increased
creation of specialized investigations sections/units

25
Q

Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) study

A
  • not as much mismanagement
  • greater use of physical evidence
  • develop guideline regulations use of evidence technicians
  • greater effort to locate witnesses- neighborhood canvas
  • more use of department records and informants
26
Q

Objectives in Criminal Investigations

A 
Detect crime
locate and ID suspects
arrest
recover stolen property
prepare sound case for prosecution
27
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Takes us beyond what we know to conclusions about what we don’t know

28
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

reasoning established on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof

29
Q

Abduction

A

The process of proposing a likely explanation for an event that then must be tested, helps make links among events and development of overall theory of the crime

30
Q

Mission of Law Enforcement

A

maintenance of peace, protection of property and lives

31
Q

Reactive Response

A

addressing crimes that have already been committed

32
Q

Proactive Response

A

addressing anticipated crimes, investigation conducted prior to the crime being committed

33
Q

Preliminary investigation

A

The responsibility of the first officer on scene with the primary objective is to determine whether the elements of the crime exist

34
Q

Duty of the first officer on scene

A

to aid injured and provided or summon medical assistance

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS (19 decks)

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