Fundamentals of Biology(Unit 1) Flashcards
What is the correct order of groups for classifying living organisms?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
The basic unit of life
Cell
What levels does evolution occur at?
Population and species
What are the four levels of organization at the molecular level?
Atoms, molecules, macro-molecules, organelles
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
correct the sequence of biological organization, from the simplest to the most complex?
(organ, cell, community, tissue, population)
cell, tissue, organ, population, community
The two main forms of cells are __________ cells.
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Using models that represented camouflaged and non-camouflaged mice, Hoekstra and her students tested the hypothesis that coloration of beach and inland mice provides camouflage that protects them from predation.
Regardless of whether the models were placed in the beach or the inland habitat, the camouflaged model always acted as the __________ group.
control
A scientific theory is __________.
a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power
With evolution as the core theme of biology, we can explain traits shared by organisms as evidence of __________ and traits that differ among organisms as evidence of __________.
descent from a common ancestor; adaptation through natural selection
Some properties and processes that are associated with life include all of the following except _____________.
energy
growth and development
order
reproduction
reductionism
reductionism
A nonlinear, realistic model of the scientific process is called the process of science. The core activity of this process is __________.
forming and testing hypotheses
Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels?
population level
The concept of “descent with modification” was proposed by __________.
Charles Darwin
In the theme of biological organization, the approach called reductionism __________.
allows us to reduce complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable to be scientifically valid. Being testable and falsifiable means that __________.
some conceivable observation or experiment could reveal whether a given hypothesis is incorrect
What is the appropriate term for an interacting group of individuals of a single type occupying a defined area?
Population
The fundamental organizing principle of biology and core theme is __________.
evolution
Which of the following observations and inferences led Charles Darwin to his theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?
Darwin synthesized his theory of natural selection from all of the listed observations and inferences.
What is an attribute of living things?
They must be able to evolve and adapt.
Order
-Regulation/Homeostasis
-Growth & Development
-Energy processing/metabolism
-Reproduction/copying genetic information
-Response to the environment/senses their environment
the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life?
cell
The basic unit of matter
Atom
All the living organisms plus non-living features in an area.
Ecosystem
All the living organisms interacting with each other in a geographical area.
Community
All of the individuals of a specific type (species) in a location.
Population
Tissues working together for a common purpose.
Organ
Properties of living organisms (7)
-Order
-Regulation/Homeostasis
-Growth & Development
-Energy processing/metabolism
-Reproduction/copying genetic information
-Response to the environment/senses their environment
-Evolutionary Adaptation
3 Levels of organization of life
Molecular
Organismal
Ecological
On the molecular level we have (4)
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles
Two or more atoms joined together
Molecules
Structure that is found in a cell that performs a specific function (chloroplasts)
Organelles
At the organismal level we have (5)
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organism
Basic Unit of life
Cells
Group of identical cells working together
Tissues
different tissues working together (a leaf, stem, and roots)
Organs
groups of organs that work together
Organ system
(individual plant, animal, fungus, and bacterium)-interacts continuously with physical factors in its environment
Organism
At the ecological level we have (5)
Population (colony)
Species
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere (Earth)
same type of individuals living in a geographic location
Population
all the members of the same type of organisms on the planet
Species
have many populations of different species interacting in the same area
Community
communities (all living things and non-living) interacting with each other in a particular area (soil, water, gases, light etc.)
Ecosystem
largest. All life on Earth.
Biosphere (Earth)
Cells basic structure:
_____ made of _____ surrounding ______
membrane made of lipids surrounding cytoplasm
All living organisms are made of
cells (one or more)
-Multicellular or Unicellular (bacteria)
_____ cells are found in two groups of single-celled microorganisms
→bacteria and archaea.
Lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles.
Prokaryotic cells
______ cells contains membrane- enclosed organelles
→people, plants, animals, fungi etc.
Has a nucleus that hangs on to the DNA
Eukaryotic cells
-Single-celled prokaryotes
-Almost Always Microscopic
-Important role in human health and the environment
Bacteria
-Single-celled prokaryotes
-Almost Always Microscopic
-Have Characteristics Of Both bacteria and eukaryotes
-Some live in extreme environments
Archaea
-Single-celled or multi-celled
-Microscopic Or Macroscopic
-Plants, Fungi, Animals, Protists
-Protist: most numerous and diverse single-celled organisms
Eukarya
the highest level of knowledge in science
Theory
A scientific explanation for a natural phenomenon backed by facts, laws, models, experiments, data, and usually years of testing
Theory
-The scientific theory that explains the diversity of life on earth
-Evolution happens at the species level/population level
Evolution by natural selection
Each species is given a two-part name: first part is the name of the _____ the ____ it belongs to, second part is unique to the _____ within the _____.
genus, species, species, genus
A molecule consists of
atoms bonded together.
Each organelle has an orderly arrangement of
molecules
A tissue consists of a group of similar ____
cells
Organs such as the heart are constructed from several
tissues
A complex multicellular organism, such as a plant, has several types of ______, such as leaves and roots.
organs
A population is a set of _______ of the same species.
organisms
A community consists of _______ of the various species inhabiting a specific area.
populations
An ecosystem consists of a biological ______ along with the nonliving factors important to life, such as air, soil, and water.
community
The biosphere is made up of all of Earth’s ________
ecosystems.
a collection of reef animals and algae, with corals, fishes, some seaweed, and any other organisms
a community
a group of fish of the same species
population
one fish from your population is an example of
organism
a fish’s stomach is an example of
an organ
one ____ from the tissue, showing its nucleus and a few other organelles
Cell
the nucleus, where most of the cell’s DNA is located
organelle
a DNA double helix is an example of
a molecule
All the organisms on your campus make up a
community
A controlled experiment is one that
tests experimental and control groups in parallel.
______ usually are relatively narrow in scope; ______ have broad explanatory power.
Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.
most numerous and diverse single-celled organisms
-Protist (eukaryotic cell)
most numerous and diverse single-celled organisms
-Protist (eukaryotic cell)
