Fundamentals: Mobility and Immobility Flashcards
define mobility
a person’s ability to move about freely
define immobility
the inability to move about freely
Complications of immobility in relation to metabolic functioning in body
Decrease metabolic rate; alters the metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins; causes fluid and electrolytes and calcium imbalances; and causes GI disturbances.
atelectasis
collapse of alveoli
Hydrostatic pneumonia
inflammation of the lung form stasis or pooling of secretions
orthostatic hypotension
a drop in blood pressure greater than 20mmHg in systolic pressure or 10mmHg in diastolic pressure
thrombus
accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery hat occluded the lumen of the blood vessel.
Complications of immobility in relation to musculoskeletal system
loss of endurance, strength, and muscle mass and decrease in stability and balance. Impaired calcium metabolism. Impaired joint mobility. Osteoporosis. Join contractions. Foot drop.
urinary stasis
renal pelvis fills before urine enter ureters
renal calculi
calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis
pressure ulcers
impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues.
Psychosocial effects of immobilization
emotional and behavioral responses.
sensory alterations.
changes in coping.
Assessing patient mobility
ROM, gait, exercise and activity tolerance, body alignment.
Range of motion
the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body (sagittal, frontal, transverse); exercises are active or passive.
Gait
particular manner or style of walking; mechanics involve coordination of skeletal neurological an muscular systems.
Exercise and activity tolerance
physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health, and maintaining fitness.
Body alignment
determines normal physiological changes, identifies deviations, learning needs, trauma, and risk factors.
Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of metabolic system
a high protein, high calorie diet.
vitamin B and C supplements
Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of respiratory system
deep breath and coughs every 1-2 hours. Chest physiotherapy (CPT) ensure intake of 1400mL/day of liquid
Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of cardiovascular system
reduce orthostatic hypotension; early mobilization.
reduce cardiac workload; avoid valsalva movements.
preven thrombus formation; prophylaxis (heparin, SCDs, and TEDs)
Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of integumentary system
positioning and skin care.
use of therapeutic devices to relieve pressure.
Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of urinary (elimination) system
well hydrated.
prevent urinary stasis and calculi and infections
Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of psychosocial system
anticipate change in patient’s status and provide routine and informal socialization.
stimuli to maintain patient’s orientation.
Trochanter roll
prevents external rotation of the hips when the patient is in supine position.
Hand rolls
maintain the thumb in slight adduction and in opposition to the fingers.
Trapeze bar
allows patient to pull the upper extremities to raise the trunk off the bed. assist in transfer, or perform exercises.
Fowler position
Head of bed elevated 45-60 degrees and knees slightly elevated.
Supine
Rest on their backs; all body parts are in relation to eachother.
Prone
lies face or chest down
side-lying position
the patient rests on the side with body weight on dependent hip and shoulder.
Sims position
patient places weight on anterior ilium, humerus, and clavicle.
