Fundamentals: Mobility and Immobility

Question 1

define mobility

Answer 1

a person’s ability to move about freely

Question 2

define immobility

Answer 2

the inability to move about freely

Question 3

Complications of immobility in relation to metabolic functioning in body

Answer 3

Decrease metabolic rate; alters the metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins; causes fluid and electrolytes and calcium imbalances; and causes GI disturbances.

Question 4

atelectasis

Answer 4

collapse of alveoli

Question 5

Hydrostatic pneumonia

Answer 5

inflammation of the lung form stasis or pooling of secretions

Question 6

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 6

a drop in blood pressure greater than 20mmHg in systolic pressure or 10mmHg in diastolic pressure

Question 7

thrombus

Answer 7

accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery hat occluded the lumen of the blood vessel.

Question 8

Complications of immobility in relation to musculoskeletal system

Answer 8

loss of endurance, strength, and muscle mass and decrease in stability and balance. Impaired calcium metabolism. Impaired joint mobility. Osteoporosis. Join contractions. Foot drop.

Question 9

urinary stasis

Answer 9

renal pelvis fills before urine enter ureters

Question 10

renal calculi

Answer 10

calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis

Question 11

pressure ulcers

Answer 11

impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues.

Question 12

Psychosocial effects of immobilization

Answer 12

emotional and behavioral responses.
sensory alterations.
changes in coping.

Question 13

Assessing patient mobility

Answer 13

ROM, gait, exercise and activity tolerance, body alignment.

Question 14

Range of motion

Answer 14

the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body (sagittal, frontal, transverse); exercises are active or passive.

Question 15

Gait

Answer 15

particular manner or style of walking; mechanics involve coordination of skeletal neurological an muscular systems.

Question 16

Exercise and activity tolerance

Answer 16

physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health, and maintaining fitness.

Question 17

Body alignment

Answer 17

determines normal physiological changes, identifies deviations, learning needs, trauma, and risk factors.

Question 18

Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of metabolic system

Answer 18

a high protein, high calorie diet.

vitamin B and C supplements

Question 19

Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of respiratory system

Answer 19

deep breath and coughs every 1-2 hours.
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
ensure intake of 1400mL/day of liquid

Question 20

Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of cardiovascular system

Answer 20

reduce orthostatic hypotension; early mobilization.
reduce cardiac workload; avoid valsalva movements.
preven thrombus formation; prophylaxis (heparin, SCDs, and TEDs)

Question 21

Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of integumentary system

Answer 21

positioning and skin care.

use of therapeutic devices to relieve pressure.

Question 22

Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of urinary (elimination) system

Answer 22

well hydrated.

prevent urinary stasis and calculi and infections

Question 23

Interventions that will reduce impact of immobility of psychosocial system

Answer 23

anticipate change in patient’s status and provide routine and informal socialization.
stimuli to maintain patient’s orientation.

Question 24

Trochanter roll

Answer 24

prevents external rotation of the hips when the patient is in supine position.

Question 25

Hand rolls

Answer 25

maintain the thumb in slight adduction and in opposition to the fingers.

Question 26

Trapeze bar

Answer 26

allows patient to pull the upper extremities to raise the trunk off the bed. assist in transfer, or perform exercises.

Question 27

Fowler position

Answer 27

Head of bed elevated 45-60 degrees and knees slightly elevated.

Question 28

Supine

Answer 28

Rest on their backs; all body parts are in relation to eachother.

Question 29

Prone

Answer 29

lies face or chest down

Question 30

side-lying position

Answer 30

the patient rests on the side with body weight on dependent hip and shoulder.

Question 31

Sims position

Answer 31

patient places weight on anterior ilium, humerus, and clavicle.