Fundamentals: Infection Prevention and Control Flashcards
Pathogen
Infectious agent
Colonization
Organism that multiplies within a host, but does not cause an infection.
Infectious Disease
Illnesses such as viral meningitis or pneumonia
Communicable Disease
An infectious disease that is transmitted directly from one person to another.
pH
acidity of the environment
Portal of exit and portal of entry
Sites such as blood, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
Virulence
Ability to survive in the host or outside the body
Susceptibility
Individual’s degree of resistance to pathogens
Immunocompromised
Having an impaired immune system
Reservoir
A place where a pathogen survives, multiplies, and await transfer. Humans and animals (host) or insects, food, water, and organic material (fomites)
Carriers
Persons who show no symptoms of illness but who have the pathogens that are transferred to others.
Aerobic bacteria
Bacteria that require oxygen for survival
Anaerobic bacteria
Bacteria that thrive with little to no free oxygen
Bacteriostasis
Prevention of the growth and reproduction of bacteria by cold temperatures.
Bactericidal
a temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria.
What is the chain of infection
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, modes of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
Infectious agent
bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa.
Virulence.
Organisms may be readily transmitted unless removed using hand hygiene.
Modes of transmission
hand hygiene (major route of transmission for pathogens is unwashed hands)
Most common modes of transmission
Direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, vehicles, vectors
Direct
person to person (fecal, oral). Physical contact between source and susceptible host.