Comfort, Sleep, and Pain Flashcards
acute pain
(Protective)
Short duration, limited damage, and emotional response.
chronic pain
Not protective, dramatic effect on a persons quality of life. (Prolonged) , varies in intensity, usually 6 months or longer.
Identify the physiological factors that influence pain
age, fatigue, genes, neurological function
Identify social factors that can influence pain
Attention
Previous experiences
Family and social support
Spiritual factors
Identify psychological factors that influence pain
- anxiety
- coping style
Identify cultural factors that can influence pain
- pain expression
- how one adapts to it
Common characteristics of pain and how that nurse would assess
- timing (onset, duration, and pattern) how often? Does it occur at the same time each day)
- location (describe all area of discomfort to assess pain location.)
- severity (most subjective and most useful. painscale.
4. Aggravating and precipitating factors: factors that aggravate pain. Describe activities that do so. - relief (ask the patient what helps them relieve pain (pacing, rocking, rubbing, eating, meds)
- quality- the way patients describe their pain
- vocilizations
- facial expressions
- body movement
- social interaction
Relaxation
Mental and physical freedom from tension of stress (self control) ex: yoga, meditation, zen)
Distraction
Excessive sensory input (became unaware of pain)
*singing, praying, playing games)
Music
Useful in treating acute or chronic pain, stress, anxiety and depression
Cutaneous stimulation
Massage, warm bath, cold application, reduces pain.
Herbals
Herbals/dietary supplements
Reducing pain perception
Ex: patient is constipated, administer laxative.
Barriers to pain management
Patient, health care provider, and health care system
Patient
Fear of addiction, worry about side effects, fear of tolerance, fear of injections
Health care provider
Inadequate pain assessment, skills, opiophobia, (fear of opioids), fear of legal repercussions
Health care system
Concern with creating “addicts’, difficulty in filling prescriptions, lack of money, mail-order, pharmacy restrictions
Sleep
Cyclical process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.
Circadian rhythm
Influences the pattern of major biological and behavioral functions
Biological clock
Synchronizes sleep cycle
NREM
Sleep that progresses through four stages (light to deep)
REM
Rapid eye movement phase at the end of each sleep cycle.
dreams
More vivid and elaborate during R.E.M. Sleep and are functionally important to learning
Nocturia
Urination during the night cycle, which disrupts sleep.
Hypersomnoleence
Dysfunction of mechanism that regulate sleep and wake up states (excessive daytime sleeepiness)
Polysomnogram
Involves the use of EEG, EMG, and EOG to monitor stages of sleep.
Insomnia
Most common sleep complaint, signaling and underling physical or psychological disorder,
Sleep hygiene
Inadequecies in either the quantity or quality off sleep,
Sleep apnea
Characterized by the lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for 10 seconds or longer during sleep.
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Results in impaired waking function, poor work performance, accidents, and emotional problems
Narcolepsy
Practices that the patient associates with sleep
Cataplexy
Sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions at any time during the day.
Sleep deprivation
Problem patient experiences as a result of dysomnia
Parasomnias
More common in children, an example is SIDS.
Drugs and illicit substance (how they alter sleep)
-alter sleep and weaken day time alertness (older people-take a lot of drugs and cant sleep).
Lifestyle
Daily routine influences sleep (ex:rotating shifts, difficulty adjusting to altered schedule)
Usual sleep patterns
Sleep deprived and sleepy during day (US) sleep schedule.
Emotional stress
Worrying disturbs sleep (death- no sleep)
Environment
Different environments are hard to sleep in
Excersise and fatigue
Moderately fatigued (restful sleep)
Food and calorie intake
Good eating habits (restful sleep)
Environmental controls HEALTH PROMOTION
Instruct patients to place infant on firm mattress (do not load crib with blankets)
Promoting bedtime routines
Rock or hold newborn before sleep
Promoting safety
Small night light, lower bed, less clutter
Promoting comfort
Soft clothes, lose fitting wear.
Establishing periods of rest and sleep
Physically active, void regularly
Stress reduction
Relaxing activity, comfort children
Bedtime snacks
warm milk
Pharmacological approaches
herbal products
Environmental controls that promotes sleep
close curtains, dim lights
Promoting comfort
Clean and dry, supportive dressings or splints
Establishing periods of rest and sleep
Avoid waking patient up if vital signs are normal
Promoting safety
CPAP, monitor patients airway
Stress reduction
Give patient control and provide info.
