Fundamentals, ch6 Indications and Contraindications Flashcards
4 primary outcomes for therapeutic massage
relaxation
stress management
pain management
functional mobility
9 primary massage methods
static
compression
gliding (Classic “effleurage”)
torsion (kneading Classic “petrissage”)
shearing (wringing Classic “petrissage”)
elongation (traction)
oscillation (Classic “vibration”)
percussion (Classic “tapotement”)
movement (Classic
12 modifiers for adapting MT
pressure
point/locale of application
magnitude-intensity
direction
drag-friction
speed
pacing
rhythm
sequencing and transitioning
frequency
duration
intention for outcome
GAS
general adaptation syndrome
process of the three stages of the body’s response to stress:
1) alarm reaction
2) resistance reaction
3) exhaustion reaction
acute v chronic
sudden onset lasting less than 6 months
versus
ongoing or reoccurring
adaptive capacity
client’s increased ability to expend energy for active change
ANS
parasympathetic nervous system
responsible for maintaining ‘rest and digest’ homeostasis
antagonistic
muscles that oppose the movement of the prime movers
anxiety v depressive disorders
amxiety raises the response sympathetic arousal response
depression decrease in vital functions
benign tumors
tumor that remains localized within the tissue it formed; tend to grow slowly
caution
a condition that requires MT adaptation to keep the client from unintended harm
communicable diseases
caused by pathogens that spread easily within a population
compensation of the body
process of counterbalancing a defect in body structure or function
condition management
1 of 4 approaches to care
to supports wellness during a active phase of chronic condition
contraindication
p230
condition for which an approach could be harmful
(see Appendix A: contradictions)
Three Types of Contraindiction
(1) General Avoidance
(2) Regional-Local Avoidance
(3) Application w Caution
requires adaptation of therapeutic technique
dysfunction
a condition which can move a body out of homeostasis; can shift the body from healthy to disease
endangerment site
area of the body where blood and nerves are close to the surface skin, without protection of other bodily structures, by design. Nonetheless, MT is adapted to abstain from deep or percussive touch.
fatigue and pain syndromes
chronic fatigue and chronic pain
often part of the profile in anxiety and depressive disorders
interfering w welll-being, daily living, productivity
health v illness
health comprises bodily, emotionally, mentally, & spiritually
to have health is be in an optimal state that is sustainable
illness comprises bodily, emotionally, mentally, & spiritually
a state of illness is a loss of homeostasis
homeostasis
dynamic equilibrium of internal environment of the body
illness
result from breakdown of the body’s protective and restorative processes
impingement syndromes
conditions that involves pathological pressure (entrapment and compression) on nerves and vessels
vulnerable areas =
cervical plexus
brachial plexus
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
indication
p229
a condition for which an approach would be beneficial for health outcome
per therapeutic massage and as supported by evidence,
health outcomes = (1) relaxation
(2) stress management
(3) pain management
(4) support for functional mobility
practice and individual treatment plans adhere to these four
inflammatory response
normal mechanism of healing of trauma, infection, disease
comes w symptoms of heat, swelling, redness
injury
tissue damaged as cuts, bruises, contusions, fractures, sprains, etc
malignant tumors
cancer
that is not localized, spreading,
medical emergency - Anaphylaxis
warning signs = (an allergic reaction)
abdominal pain
wheezing
difficulty breathing and/or swallowing
swelling at tongue, mouth, face or contact point
anxiety
chest tightness
palpitations
cough
diarrhea
nausea or vomitting
slurred speech
medical emergency - Concussion
warning signs =
headache that worsens
weakness, numbness, decreased coordination
repeated vomitting or nausea
increasing drowsiness, or client cannot be awakened
one pupil larger than the other
convulsions or seizures
inability to recognize people or places
growing confusion, agitation, restlessness
unusual behoavior
loss of consciousness, even brief
call 911
medical emergency - Diabetic emergency
warning signs = (can be hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic)
hyperglycemic –> coma
weak, rapid pulse
nausea
deep sighing breaths
unsteady gate
confusion
flushed, warm, dry skin
breath order of nail polish or cider
drowsiness leading to loss of consciousness
hypoglycemic –> shock
weakness
drowsiness
rapid pulse
fast breathing
pale, sweaty skin
headache, trembling
ordorless breath
numbness in hands or feet
hunger
medical emergency - Heart Attack
warning signs
undue fatigue
palpitations, feeling as if heart is skipping
dyspnea, difficult or labored breathing
shortness of breath
chest pain or discomfort
arm pain or other places in upper body
cold-sweats or lightheadiness
medical emergency - Rhabdomyolysis
warning signs = (arising from muscle injury, whereupon substances harmful to visceral organs can be released)
observable muscle trauma
post extreme physical activity
severe muscle contractions and hence pain
muscle weakness, trouble moving arms and legs
abdominal pain
nausea, vomiting
fever
rapid heart rate
confusion,
drug and/or alcohol use
dehydration and/or low electrolytes
medications, notably statins
some viruses and some bacteria
dark red or brown urine
medical emergency - Sepsis
medical emergency - Stroke
warning signs = F A S T
face drooping
arm weakness
speech difficulty
time to call 911
medical emergency - Venous or Pulmonary Thromboembolism
warning signs = (can follow long periods of sitting)
pain, tenderness
swelling
edema (water retention in lower limbs)
erythema (reddening of skin)
medications
see Appendix C: pharmacology
metastasis
migration of cancer cells
neuromatrix theory of pain
pain as port of multisystem response to perceived threat.
CNS neurotransmitters
neuropeptide = pains specific transmitter
acetylcholine
dopamine
epinephrine
glutamate
norepinephrine
serotonin
pain
complex, subjective, solitary experience
considered a thalamic sense as it is believed to arise from consciousness in the thalmus
types
acute
cancer related pain = is often mixed
chronic
nociceptive = threatened or actual tissue damage arising from
activation of nociceptors
neuropathic = generated by CNS
neuroplastic = modification of CNS signals
phantom
somatic = from neural receptors in skin
can be superficial or deep
referred = pain arsing apart from the site visceral pain
viseral = from neural receptors in internal organs
mixed
four processes
transduction = process of noxious stimuli leads to electrical activity
in the nociceptors
transmission = transmitting impulses from the site of transduction
over periphera; sensory nerves to the spinal cord
and onto the brain
modulation = neural activity descending through neural pathways
from the brain, with the capacity to influence signals
in the spinal cord
perception = subjective experience of the person
pain-spasm-pain cycle
contraction of muscles causing ischemia (insufficient blood supply) and thus stimulating pain receptors in the muscles
pain threshold
subjective measure assessed by the person
point where stimulus is perceived as painful
palliative care
1 of 4 approaches to care
to relieve or reduce intensity of symptoms of disease
pathology
study of disease
peak performance
maximum conditioning and functioning in a particular action
PTSD
post traumatic stress disorder
common symptoms =
irritability or aggression
risky or destructive behavior
hypervigilance
heightened startled reaction
difficulty concentrating
difficultly sleeping
referred pain
person to reference pain apart from the location of the visceral pain
(see fig 6.2, p248)
explained = embryonic development of phrenic nerves
restorative care
1 of 4 approaches to care
to support return to normal function
risk factors
predisposing conditions which can make the development of a disease more likely or more severe
common risk factors
genetic
age
lifestyle
environmental
preexisting
stress
signs v symptoms
objective abnormalities observed
versus
subjective abnormalities experienced/felt
spinal cord segments
cerebral
c1 (atlas)
c2 (axis)
c3
c4
c5
c6
c7
c8
thoracic
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
t9
t10
t11
t12
lumbar
l1
l2
l3
l4
l5
sacral
s1
s2
s3
s4
s5
cocyx
cx
stress-related illness
suffering
impairment of the quality of life
syndrome
group of different signs and symptoms which usually arise from a common cause
synergetic
interaction of two or more approaches to care from complimentary disciplines to stimulate the same beneficial effects
therapeutic change
1 of 4 approaches to care
beneficial results in physical, emotional, mental, or spiritual health arising from the therapeutic massage
in chronic conditions inflammation have been shown to be relieved
theories thereof
release of body’s own inflammatory agents
completes the body’s inflammatory process
facilitates the dilutionand removal of irritants
supports parasympathetic nervous system
trauma
abrupt shock or injury
