Fundamentals, ch6 Indications and Contraindications

Question 1

4 primary outcomes for therapeutic massage

Answer 1

relaxation
stress management
pain management
functional mobility

Question 2

9 primary massage methods

Answer 2

static
compression
gliding (Classic “effleurage”)
torsion (kneading Classic “petrissage”)
shearing (wringing Classic “petrissage”)
elongation (traction)
oscillation (Classic “vibration”)
percussion (Classic “tapotement”)
movement (Classic

Question 3

12 modifiers for adapting MT

Answer 3

pressure
point/locale of application
magnitude-intensity
direction
drag-friction
speed
pacing
rhythm
sequencing and transitioning
frequency
duration
intention for outcome

Question 4

GAS

Answer 4

general adaptation syndrome
process of the three stages of the body’s response to stress:
1) alarm reaction
2) resistance reaction
3) exhaustion reaction

Question 5

acute v chronic

Answer 5

sudden onset lasting less than 6 months
versus
ongoing or reoccurring

Question 6

adaptive capacity

Answer 6

client’s increased ability to expend energy for active change

Question 7

ANS

Answer 7

parasympathetic nervous system
responsible for maintaining ‘rest and digest’ homeostasis

Question 8

antagonistic

Answer 8

muscles that oppose the movement of the prime movers

Question 9

anxiety v depressive disorders

Answer 9

amxiety raises the response sympathetic arousal response

depression decrease in vital functions

Question 10

benign tumors

Answer 10

tumor that remains localized within the tissue it formed; tend to grow slowly

Question 11

caution

Answer 11

a condition that requires MT adaptation to keep the client from unintended harm

Question 12

communicable diseases

Answer 12

caused by pathogens that spread easily within a population

Question 13

compensation of the body

Answer 13

process of counterbalancing a defect in body structure or function

Question 14

condition management

Answer 14

1 of 4 approaches to care
to supports wellness during a active phase of chronic condition

Question 15

contraindication
p230

Answer 15

condition for which an approach could be harmful
(see Appendix A: contradictions)

Three Types of Contraindiction
(1) General Avoidance
(2) Regional-Local Avoidance
(3) Application w Caution
requires adaptation of therapeutic technique

Question 16

dysfunction

Answer 16

a condition which can move a body out of homeostasis; can shift the body from healthy to disease

Question 17

endangerment site

Answer 17

area of the body where blood and nerves are close to the surface skin, without protection of other bodily structures, by design. Nonetheless, MT is adapted to abstain from deep or percussive touch.

Question 18

fatigue and pain syndromes

Answer 18

chronic fatigue and chronic pain
often part of the profile in anxiety and depressive disorders
interfering w welll-being, daily living, productivity

Question 19

health v illness

Answer 19

health comprises bodily, emotionally, mentally, & spiritually
to have health is be in an optimal state that is sustainable

illness comprises bodily, emotionally, mentally, & spiritually
a state of illness is a loss of homeostasis

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

dynamic equilibrium of internal environment of the body

Question 21

illness

Answer 21

result from breakdown of the body’s protective and restorative processes

Question 22

impingement syndromes

Answer 22

conditions that involves pathological pressure (entrapment and compression) on nerves and vessels
vulnerable areas =
cervical plexus
brachial plexus
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus

Question 23

indication
p229

Answer 23

a condition for which an approach would be beneficial for health outcome
per therapeutic massage and as supported by evidence,
health outcomes = (1) relaxation
(2) stress management
(3) pain management
(4) support for functional mobility
practice and individual treatment plans adhere to these four

Question 24

inflammatory response

Answer 24

normal mechanism of healing of trauma, infection, disease
comes w symptoms of heat, swelling, redness

Question 25

injury

Answer 25

tissue damaged as cuts, bruises, contusions, fractures, sprains, etc

Question 26

malignant tumors

Answer 26

cancer that is not localized, spreading,

Question 27

medical emergency - Anaphylaxis

Answer 27

warning signs = (an allergic reaction) abdominal pain wheezing difficulty breathing and/or swallowing swelling at tongue, mouth, face or contact point anxiety chest tightness palpitations cough diarrhea nausea or vomitting slurred speech

Question 28

medical emergency - Concussion

Answer 28

warning signs = headache that worsens weakness, numbness, decreased coordination repeated vomitting or nausea increasing drowsiness, or client cannot be awakened one pupil larger than the other convulsions or seizures inability to recognize people or places growing confusion, agitation, restlessness unusual behoavior loss of consciousness, even brief call 911

Question 29

medical emergency - Diabetic emergency

Answer 29

warning signs = (can be hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic) hyperglycemic --> coma weak, rapid pulse nausea deep sighing breaths unsteady gate confusion flushed, warm, dry skin breath order of nail polish or cider drowsiness leading to loss of consciousness hypoglycemic --> shock weakness drowsiness rapid pulse fast breathing pale, sweaty skin headache, trembling ordorless breath numbness in hands or feet hunger

Question 30

medical emergency - Heart Attack

Answer 30

warning signs undue fatigue palpitations, feeling as if heart is skipping dyspnea, difficult or labored breathing shortness of breath chest pain or discomfort arm pain or other places in upper body cold-sweats or lightheadiness

Question 31

medical emergency - Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 31

warning signs = (arising from muscle injury, whereupon substances harmful to visceral organs can be released) observable muscle trauma post extreme physical activity severe muscle contractions and hence pain muscle weakness, trouble moving arms and legs abdominal pain nausea, vomiting fever rapid heart rate confusion, drug and/or alcohol use dehydration and/or low electrolytes medications, notably statins some viruses and some bacteria dark red or brown urine

Question 32

medical emergency - Sepsis

Question 33

medical emergency - Stroke

Answer 33

warning signs = F A S T face drooping arm weakness speech difficulty time to call 911

Question 34

medical emergency - Venous or Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Answer 34

warning signs = (can follow long periods of sitting) pain, tenderness swelling edema (water retention in lower limbs) erythema (reddening of skin)

Question 35

medications

Answer 35

see Appendix C: pharmacology

Question 36

metastasis

Answer 36

migration of cancer cells

Question 37

neuromatrix theory of pain

Answer 37

pain as port of multisystem response to perceived threat.

Question 38

CNS neurotransmitters

Answer 38

neuropeptide = pains specific transmitter acetylcholine dopamine epinephrine glutamate norepinephrine serotonin

Question 39

pain

Answer 39

complex, subjective, solitary experience considered a thalamic sense as it is believed to arise from consciousness in the thalmus types acute cancer related pain = is often mixed chronic nociceptive = threatened or actual tissue damage arising from activation of nociceptors neuropathic = generated by CNS neuroplastic = modification of CNS signals phantom somatic = from neural receptors in skin can be superficial or deep referred = pain arsing apart from the site visceral pain viseral = from neural receptors in internal organs mixed four processes transduction = process of noxious stimuli leads to electrical activity in the nociceptors transmission = transmitting impulses from the site of transduction over periphera; sensory nerves to the spinal cord and onto the brain modulation = neural activity descending through neural pathways from the brain, with the capacity to influence signals in the spinal cord perception = subjective experience of the person

Question 40

pain-spasm-pain cycle

Answer 40

contraction of muscles causing ischemia (insufficient blood supply) and thus stimulating pain receptors in the muscles

Question 41

pain threshold

Answer 41

subjective measure assessed by the person point where stimulus is perceived as painful

Question 42

palliative care

Answer 42

1 of 4 approaches to care to relieve or reduce intensity of symptoms of disease

Question 43

pathology

Answer 43

study of disease

Question 44

peak performance

Answer 44

maximum conditioning and functioning in a particular action

Question 45

PTSD

Answer 45

post traumatic stress disorder common symptoms = irritability or aggression risky or destructive behavior hypervigilance heightened startled reaction difficulty concentrating difficultly sleeping

Question 46

referred pain

Answer 46

person to reference pain apart from the location of the visceral pain (see fig 6.2, p248) explained = embryonic development of phrenic nerves

Question 47

restorative care

Answer 47

1 of 4 approaches to care to support return to normal function

Question 48

risk factors

Answer 48

predisposing conditions which can make the development of a disease more likely or more severe common risk factors genetic age lifestyle environmental preexisting stress

Question 49

signs v symptoms

Answer 49

objective abnormalities observed versus subjective abnormalities experienced/felt

Question 50

spinal cord segments

Answer 50

cerebral c1 (atlas) c2 (axis) c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 thoracic t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12 lumbar l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 sacral s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 cocyx cx

Question 51

stress-related illness

Question 52

suffering

Answer 52

impairment of the quality of life

Question 53

syndrome

Answer 53

group of different signs and symptoms which usually arise from a common cause

Question 54

synergetic

Answer 54

interaction of two or more approaches to care from complimentary disciplines to stimulate the same beneficial effects

Question 55

therapeutic change

Answer 55

1 of 4 approaches to care beneficial results in physical, emotional, mental, or spiritual health arising from the therapeutic massage in chronic conditions inflammation have been shown to be relieved theories thereof release of body's own inflammatory agents completes the body's inflammatory process facilitates the dilutionand removal of irritants supports parasympathetic nervous system

Question 56

trauma

Answer 56

abrupt shock or injury