Fundamentals, ch10 MT Techniques Flashcards
active joint movement
active assisted movement = client and therapist move together
active resistive movement = client moves against resistance, usually thereapist
anatomical barriers
determined by shape and fit of bones at a joint
approximation
technique of pushing fibers together in the belly of the muscle
bending
stress combining compression and tension
effective for connective tissue pliability and affecting proprioceptors in teh tendons and belly of muscles
comfort barrier
first point of resistance short of client discomfort
compression
pushing into tissue without directional movement along the surface of the body
affects local circulation, sensory and ANS, neurochemicals, and connective tissue pliability
concentric isotonic contraction
a MET via contraction
application of counterforce while client moves attachments of the target muscle(s) closer together
depth of pressure
measure of the amount of pressure applied while using a technique
direction of application
physical direction of applied technique
centrifugal = from midline to lateral AND from appendicular body towards axial body
direction of ease
position the body assumes w postural changes depending on how it has balanced against gravity
drag
amount of tensile stress on the tissue under applied pulled force
duration
length o ftime the technique is applied
eccentric isotonic action
a MET via contraction
applicaion of counterforce while client moves the jointed area so that the attachments of target muscl(s) move apart resulting in lengthening
effleurage
“to skim”
a gliding stroke that follows direction of superficial muscle
elongation
stretching
force applied as push or pull paired with traction
longitudinal = techanique applied parallel to fiber direction
cross-direcxtional = technique applied perpendicular to fiber direction
fascia rolling
deep kneading to lift muscle from bone
frequency
rate of repetitive application of manipulation
friction
force of 2 surfaces moving across one another in targeted localized area
holding
provides time for client to become acclimated, adds warmth
intention of outcome
from treatment plan, MT goals to achieve within in a session and thus with each manipulation therein
isometric contraction
a MET via contraction
contraction whereby the effort of the target muscle(s) is exactly matched by the counterforce so that no movement occurs
isotonic contration
a MET via contraction
contraction whereby the effort of the target muscle(s) is partly matched by the counter force so that there can be a degree of resisted movement
joint end-feel
when a joint is taken to its physiological limit
soft-end feel = a sort of springyness at this limit
hard-end feel = bumpy or binding at this limit
joint movement
articulation, in degrees of an arc
hip abduction = 0-45
hip adduction = 45-0
hip lateral extended rotation = 0-45
hip medial internal rotation = 0-45
knee flexion = 0-130
ankle plantar flexion = 0-50
ankle dorsiflexion = 0-20
foot inversion = 0-35
shoulder flexion = 0-90
shoulder abduction = 0-90
shoulder lateral medial rotation = 0-90
shoulder medial internal rotation = 0-90
combined shoulder & scapular
forward flexion = 0-180
forward extension = 180-0
backward hyperextension = 0-50
elbow flexion = 0-160
elbow extension = 180-0
elbow hyper extension = 0-10
wrist flexion = 0-60
wrist extension = 0-70
wrist abduction = 0-20
wrist adduction = 0-30
laxity/joint play
allows for ends of bones to slide, roll, or spin smoothly on one another
magnitude
intensity of applied technique
manipulation
to use the hands by mechanical means as anatomic tools to apply technique for treatment
multiple isotonic contractions
clients moves joint throught full ROM against partial resistance
muscle energy techniques (MET)
techniques to increase tolerance to stretch, such as
resistance
contraction
pulsed
oscillation
vibration, rocking, shaking are all forms thereof
applied force in repetitive springs, swings, bounces
rocking = rhythmical and slow back and forth movement affecting an area of the body
shaking = rapid back and forth movement within an area of the body
percussive = rhythmical bouncing movement
vibration = micro rapid back and forth movement within specified target area
pacing
process of regulating or changing the timing, intensity, or rate of movement.
a technique to match client’s ease of movement, respiration, mood
may be altered during a session
passive joint movement
therapist moves client’s joint
pathological barrier
adaptation in a physiological barrier that limits ROM as protective measure rather than in support of optimal function
petrissage
“to knead”
to lift, twist, pin, and squeeze soft tissue
creates ease between skin and fascial layer
physiological barriers
results of limits in ROM imposed by protective nerves and sensory function in support of optimal function
physiological movements
osteokinematic/voluntary joint movements = flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation
arthroknematic/accessory movements = inherent in joint play
point of application
loci and breadth of applied technique
positional release technique (PRT)
technique of moving the body in the driection of ease
postisometric relaxation (PIR)
a neurophysiological principles explain MET
pressure
measure of force of applied technique
reciprocal inhibition (RI)
a neurophysiological principles explain MET
resting position
holding, static
rhythm
regularity of application
sequencing
sequence of the applied techniques in the session in its entirety
shear
applied force causing tissues to slide in against other tissues
skin rolling
a rolling kneading to lift skin and activate underlying fascia membrane
speed
rate of technique application
strain and counter-strain
use of tender points to guide the positioning of the body into a space where the muscle tension can release on its own
tapoment/percussive
repetitive applied force down and allowing rebounding up
ex drumming, chopping, rapping
technique
way a person performs basic physical movements
skills, methods used in any specific profession
manner of accomplishing defined set of tasks
tensile stress
stretch applied to tissue
theories of effect
compression
for softening connective tissue
gliding
for relaxation, warmth
kneading
for reducing motor neuron tone (CNS responsiveness, as in pain)
affecting the spindle cell proprioceptors in the muscle belly, increasing pliability and decreasing density
squeezing
for increasing fluid exchange
affecting capillary beds in muscle tissue
friction
has analgesic effect via counterirritation and hyperstimulation
elongation
for increasing flexibility and reaching anatomical ROM
vibration
thought to stimulate neuromuscular function by affecting the tendons
shaking
effective for relaxing a group of muscles
rocking
calming
percussion
stimulating nerve response; can loosen for movement
torsion
pushing and pulling forces that load tissues causing them to twist
traction
pulling on part of the body to separate two or more parts
transitioning
technique of moving from applied manipulation to applied manipulation within a session
Taylor’s PRinciples for Joint Movement
1) be specific and know whether intention is to: lengthen or shorten; strengthen or weaken; stimulate or calm
2) be mindful of too much or too little
3) position client purposefully and stabilize
4) movement may be passive or active
5) apply force gradually and regulate
6) repetition 2-3x
