Fundamentals, ch10 MT Techniques

Question 1

active joint movement

Answer 1

active assisted movement = client and therapist move together

active resistive movement = client moves against resistance, usually thereapist

Question 2

anatomical barriers

Answer 2

determined by shape and fit of bones at a joint

Question 3

approximation

Answer 3

technique of pushing fibers together in the belly of the muscle

Question 4

bending

Answer 4

stress combining compression and tension
effective for connective tissue pliability and affecting proprioceptors in teh tendons and belly of muscles

Question 5

comfort barrier

Answer 5

first point of resistance short of client discomfort

Question 6

compression

Answer 6

pushing into tissue without directional movement along the surface of the body
affects local circulation, sensory and ANS, neurochemicals, and connective tissue pliability

Question 7

concentric isotonic contraction

Answer 7

a MET via contraction
application of counterforce while client moves attachments of the target muscle(s) closer together

Question 8

depth of pressure

Answer 8

measure of the amount of pressure applied while using a technique

Question 9

direction of application

Answer 9

physical direction of applied technique
centrifugal = from midline to lateral AND from appendicular body towards axial body

Question 10

direction of ease

Answer 10

position the body assumes w postural changes depending on how it has balanced against gravity

Question 11

drag

Answer 11

amount of tensile stress on the tissue under applied pulled force

Question 12

duration

Answer 12

length o ftime the technique is applied

Question 13

eccentric isotonic action

Answer 13

a MET via contraction
applicaion of counterforce while client moves the jointed area so that the attachments of target muscl(s) move apart resulting in lengthening

Question 14

effleurage

Answer 14

“to skim”
a gliding stroke that follows direction of superficial muscle

Question 15

elongation

Answer 15

stretching
force applied as push or pull paired with traction

longitudinal = techanique applied parallel to fiber direction

cross-direcxtional = technique applied perpendicular to fiber direction

Question 16

fascia rolling

Answer 16

deep kneading to lift muscle from bone

Question 17

frequency

Answer 17

rate of repetitive application of manipulation

Question 18

friction

Answer 18

force of 2 surfaces moving across one another in targeted localized area

Question 19

holding

Answer 19

provides time for client to become acclimated, adds warmth

Question 20

intention of outcome

Answer 20

from treatment plan, MT goals to achieve within in a session and thus with each manipulation therein

Question 21

isometric contraction

Answer 21

a MET via contraction
contraction whereby the effort of the target muscle(s) is exactly matched by the counterforce so that no movement occurs

Question 22

isotonic contration

Answer 22

a MET via contraction
contraction whereby the effort of the target muscle(s) is partly matched by the counter force so that there can be a degree of resisted movement

Question 23

joint end-feel

Answer 23

when a joint is taken to its physiological limit
soft-end feel = a sort of springyness at this limit
hard-end feel = bumpy or binding at this limit

Question 24

joint movement

Answer 24

articulation, in degrees of an arc

hip abduction = 0-45
hip adduction = 45-0
hip lateral extended rotation = 0-45
hip medial internal rotation = 0-45

knee flexion = 0-130

ankle plantar flexion = 0-50
ankle dorsiflexion = 0-20
foot inversion = 0-35

shoulder flexion = 0-90
shoulder abduction = 0-90
shoulder lateral medial rotation = 0-90
shoulder medial internal rotation = 0-90
combined shoulder & scapular
forward flexion = 0-180
forward extension = 180-0
backward hyperextension = 0-50

elbow flexion = 0-160
elbow extension = 180-0
elbow hyper extension = 0-10

wrist flexion = 0-60
wrist extension = 0-70
wrist abduction = 0-20
wrist adduction = 0-30

Question 25

laxity/joint play

Answer 25

allows for ends of bones to slide, roll, or spin smoothly on one another

Question 26

magnitude

Answer 26

intensity of applied technique

Question 27

manipulation

Answer 27

to use the hands by mechanical means as anatomic tools to apply technique for treatment

Question 28

multiple isotonic contractions

Answer 28

clients moves joint throught full ROM against partial resistance

Question 29

muscle energy techniques (MET)

Answer 29

techniques to increase tolerance to stretch, such as resistance contraction pulsed

Question 30

oscillation

Answer 30

vibration, rocking, shaking are all forms thereof applied force in repetitive springs, swings, bounces rocking = rhythmical and slow back and forth movement affecting an area of the body shaking = rapid back and forth movement within an area of the body percussive = rhythmical bouncing movement vibration = micro rapid back and forth movement within specified target area

Question 31

pacing

Answer 31

process of regulating or changing the timing, intensity, or rate of movement. a technique to match client's ease of movement, respiration, mood may be altered during a session

Question 32

passive joint movement

Answer 32

therapist moves client's joint

Question 33

pathological barrier

Answer 33

adaptation in a physiological barrier that limits ROM as protective measure rather than in support of optimal function

Question 34

petrissage

Answer 34

"to knead" to lift, twist, pin, and squeeze soft tissue creates ease between skin and fascial layer

Question 35

physiological barriers

Answer 35

results of limits in ROM imposed by protective nerves and sensory function in support of optimal function

Question 36

physiological movements

Answer 36

osteokinematic/voluntary joint movements = flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation arthroknematic/accessory movements = inherent in joint play

Question 37

point of application

Answer 37

loci and breadth of applied technique

Question 38

positional release technique (PRT)

Answer 38

technique of moving the body in the driection of ease

Question 39

postisometric relaxation (PIR)

Answer 39

a neurophysiological principles explain MET

Question 40

pressure

Answer 40

measure of force of applied technique

Question 41

reciprocal inhibition (RI)

Answer 41

a neurophysiological principles explain MET

Question 42

resting position

Answer 42

holding, static

Question 43

rhythm

Answer 43

regularity of application

Question 44

sequencing

Answer 44

sequence of the applied techniques in the session in its entirety

Question 45

shear

Answer 45

applied force causing tissues to slide in against other tissues

Question 46

skin rolling

Answer 46

a rolling kneading to lift skin and activate underlying fascia membrane

Question 47

speed

Answer 47

rate of technique application

Question 48

strain and counter-strain

Answer 48

use of tender points to guide the positioning of the body into a space where the muscle tension can release on its own

Question 49

tapoment/percussive

Answer 49

repetitive applied force down and allowing rebounding up ex drumming, chopping, rapping

Question 50

technique

Answer 50

way a person performs basic physical movements skills, methods used in any specific profession manner of accomplishing defined set of tasks

Question 51

tensile stress

Answer 51

stretch applied to tissue

Question 52

theories of effect

Answer 52

compression for softening connective tissue gliding for relaxation, warmth kneading for reducing motor neuron tone (CNS responsiveness, as in pain) affecting the spindle cell proprioceptors in the muscle belly, increasing pliability and decreasing density squeezing for increasing fluid exchange affecting capillary beds in muscle tissue friction has analgesic effect via counterirritation and hyperstimulation elongation for increasing flexibility and reaching anatomical ROM vibration thought to stimulate neuromuscular function by affecting the tendons shaking effective for relaxing a group of muscles rocking calming percussion stimulating nerve response; can loosen for movement

Question 53

torsion

Answer 53

pushing and pulling forces that load tissues causing them to twist

Question 54

traction

Answer 54

pulling on part of the body to separate two or more parts

Question 55

transitioning

Answer 55

technique of moving from applied manipulation to applied manipulation within a session

Question 56

Taylor's PRinciples for Joint Movement

Answer 56

1) be specific and know whether intention is to: lengthen or shorten; strengthen or weaken; stimulate or calm 2) be mindful of too much or too little 3) position client purposefully and stabilize 4) movement may be passive or active 5) apply force gradually and regulate 6) repetition 2-3x