Essentials, ch3 + Fundamentals ch4, anatomical lexicon Flashcards
abdominal
stomach
acromial
shoulders, scapula
antebrachial
forearm
antecubital
where the elbow bends
articular cartilage
smooth white connective tissue covering the ends of bones.
the junction of articular cartilage is a joint
axillary
armpit
carpal
wrist
brachial
upper arm
buccal
cheek
calcaneal
heel
caudal
toward the tail
cephalad
toward the head
cervical
neck
coxsal
hip
crural
leg
cubital
elbow
digital
fingers and toes
sacroillac
of the sacrum and ilium
femoral
thigh; femur
gluteal
buttock
Inguinal
groin
systems of the body
Cardiovascular - heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Lymphatic - lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, interstitial
Respiratory - lungs, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchial, diaphragm, pharynx, ?sinus
Integumentary - skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands
Musculoskeletal - bones, ligaments, tendons, joints (articular), skeletal muscles
Fascial (per Trail Guide)
Digestive - mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, intestines, colon
Urinary - kidneys, bladder, uretha, ureters
Endocrine - endocrine glands (hypothalmus, pituitary (hypophisis), pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals,
islets cells of the pancreas, and gonads: ovaries, testes)
Reproductive
female - ovaries, uterine tubes (oviducts), uterus, vagina, labia
male - testes, penis, prostrate gland, seminal vesicles, spermatic ducts
ligament
short tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connect 2 bones or 2 cartilages or hold a a joint together
tendon
corded connective tissue joining skeletal muscle to bone
parts of the vertebrae
Cervical
C1 (atlas) - head, brain, middle & inner ear
C2 (axis) - audiroy nerves, sinus, eyes, tongue
C3 - teeth, cheeds, outer ear
C4 - nose, mouth, lips, eustachian tubes
C5 - pharynx, larynx
C6 - shoulders, neck, tonsils
C7 (prominus) - thyroid, parathyroid, elbows
T1- trachea, esophagus, lower arms, hands, fingers
T2 - heart
T3 - lungs, chest
T4 - gall bladder
T5 - liver. veins. arteries, solar plexus
T6 - stomach
T7 - pancreas, duodendum
T8 - spleen
T9 - adrenals
T10 - kidneys
T11 - ureters
T12 - small intenstine, lymph interstital w nodes & vessels
L1 - larg instentines, linguinal area
L2 - abdomen, appendix, upper legs
L3 - bladder, sex organs, knees
L4 - sciatic nerves, prostrate gland
L5 - lower legs, feet, toes
sacrum - hips, buttocks
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
CX (coccyx) - rectum, upper arms
Co1
Co2
Co3
Co4
Co5
mental
chin
joints, types of
Fundamentals ch4
diathroses = freely moveable
condyloid, as tilts the head
ball-and-joint, as in hip and shoulder
gliding, as in vertebrae
amphiarthroses = slightly moveable
saddle, as in thumb
pivot, as turns the head, lower arm
(independent of upper arm)
hinge, as in elbow
synarthroses = immoveable
nasal
nose
occipital lobe
back lower skull
oral
mouth
orbital
region of the eyes
otic
ear
parietal lobes
sides of skull
parietal
relating to wall of an organ or cavity
patellar
kneecap
pectoral
chest, front
perineal
between pelvis and rectum
joints, movements
Fundamentals, ch4 p150-151
flexion - reduces angle in a joint
extension - increases angle in a joint
abduction - movement away from midline
adduction - movement toward midline
pronation - turning palm downward
supination - turning palm upward
eversion - turning sole of foot away from midline
inversion - turning sole of foot toward midline
plantar - movement of the plantar surface
dorsiflexion - movement of the dorsal surface
rotation - rolling lateral side toward the midline
circumduction - rolling lateral side away from midline
protraction - thrusting part of body forward
retraction - pulling part of body backward
elevation - raising part of body
depression - lowering part of body
opposition - placing one part of body opposite of another
peroneal
outside of leg; fibula
bursae
sac like structure found close to joint cavities
function = lubricate to reduce friction of joint movment
most bursae are synovial (filled w synovial fluid)
popiteal
back of knee
bones of the arms and hands
clavicle
scalpula
humerus
radius (from thumb) and ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
pubic
pubic bone
bones of the legs and feet
femur
patella
tibia (closer to midline) and fibula
tarsais
metatarsals
phalanges
sacral
tailbone
bones of the pelvis
ilium - pelvic bone
acetabalum - socket
ishium - lower back
pubis - lower front
sternal
breast bone
bones of the lower torso
lumbar and sacral vertebrae
coccyx
pelvis
bones of the upper torso
thoracic vertebrae
sternum
scapula
24 ribs
sural
calf
tarsal
ankle
temporal lobes
temple
thoracic
chest, back
bones of head and neck
Trail Guide p225-232
cranium
occipital
lambdoid sutures separates
external occipital proturbance (bony outcrops)
superior nuchal line (the line the bony outcrops form)
parietal
sagittal sutures separates
temporal
mastoid process (bony proturbance behind ears)
frontal
face
sphenoid
nasal
volmer (separates nostrils)
lacrimal (where glasses rest)
ethmoid (behind lacrimal)
zygomatic (cheekbones)
maxilla (between lips and nostrils)
mandible (jaw)
mental (chin)
neck
anterior
hyoid
posteror
cervical vertebrae
umbilical
navel, belly-button
valgus
abnormal alignment of anatomical part away from midline
ex. duck feet
varus
abnormal alignment of anatomical part toward the midline
ex. pigeon foot
articular disks/discs
thin oval plate of fibrocartilage separating joints with synovial cavities
vertebrae
spine
muscle movements, directional
adductor = to move towards midline
abductor = to move away from midline
flexor = bends a part
extensor = straightens a part
levator = raises a part
depressor = lowers a part
tensor = tightens a part
muscle movements, agonists V antagonists
the following happens with muscle pairs;
agonists = those that are responsible for the primary intended movement
antagonists = those that oppose the movement of the agonist
synergists = muscles that assist the movement of the agonists; attributable the quality of coordination
contraction = shortening, thickening of a muscle
relaxation = lengthening
flexion & extenstion of joints = whereby one side flexes the other side extends
terms for specific muscle attributes
aponeurosis =
astenia =
atrophy =
belly =
clonus =
contracture =
cramp =
concentric =
eccentric =
fasica =
fascicle =
fasciculation =
hyperkinesia =
hypertrophy =
insertion = to where the muscle ends
isometric contraction =
musculotendinous junction =
myalgia =
origin = from where muscle begins
proximal attachment =
distal attachment =
spasm =
tone =
muscles of the head and neck
Trail Guide
cephalad
cranial
temporalis
occipitalis
frontalis
facial
frontalis
masseter
superficial
deep belly
mastoid process, deep
digastric, posterior belly, (jaw under the ear)
digastric, anterior belly, (jaw to chin)
mylohyoid (jaw alongside chin)
geniohyoid (under chin)
medial pterygoid
cervical
sternocleidomastoideus
splenius capitis
trapezius
