Essentials, ch3 + Fundamentals ch4, anatomical lexicon

Question 1

abdominal

Answer 1

stomach

Question 2

acromial

Answer 2

shoulders, scapula

Question 3

antebrachial

Answer 3

forearm

Question 4

antecubital

Answer 4

where the elbow bends

Question 5

articular cartilage

Answer 5

smooth white connective tissue covering the ends of bones.
the junction of articular cartilage is a joint

Question 6

axillary

Answer 6

armpit

Question 7

carpal

Answer 7

wrist

Question 8

brachial

Answer 8

upper arm

Question 9

buccal

Answer 9

cheek

Question 10

calcaneal

Answer 10

heel

Question 11

caudal

Answer 11

toward the tail

Question 12

cephalad

Answer 12

toward the head

Question 13

cervical

Answer 13

neck

Question 14

coxsal

Answer 14

hip

Question 15

crural

Answer 15

leg

Question 16

cubital

Answer 16

elbow

Question 17

digital

Answer 17

fingers and toes

Question 18

sacroillac

Answer 18

of the sacrum and ilium

Question 19

femoral

Answer 19

thigh; femur

Question 20

gluteal

Answer 20

buttock

Question 21

Inguinal

Answer 21

groin

Question 22

systems of the body

Answer 22

Cardiovascular - heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Lymphatic - lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, interstitial
Respiratory - lungs, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchial, diaphragm, pharynx, ?sinus

Integumentary - skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands
Musculoskeletal - bones, ligaments, tendons, joints (articular), skeletal muscles

Fascial (per Trail Guide)

Digestive - mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, intestines, colon
Urinary - kidneys, bladder, uretha, ureters

Endocrine - endocrine glands (hypothalmus, pituitary (hypophisis), pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals,
islets cells of the pancreas, and gonads: ovaries, testes)
Reproductive
female - ovaries, uterine tubes (oviducts), uterus, vagina, labia
male - testes, penis, prostrate gland, seminal vesicles, spermatic ducts

Question 23

ligament

Answer 23

short tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connect 2 bones or 2 cartilages or hold a a joint together

Question 24

tendon

Answer 24

corded connective tissue joining skeletal muscle to bone

Question 25

parts of the vertebrae

Answer 25

Cervical C1 (atlas) - head, brain, middle & inner ear C2 (axis) - audiroy nerves, sinus, eyes, tongue C3 - teeth, cheeds, outer ear C4 - nose, mouth, lips, eustachian tubes C5 - pharynx, larynx C6 - shoulders, neck, tonsils C7 (prominus) - thyroid, parathyroid, elbows T1- trachea, esophagus, lower arms, hands, fingers T2 - heart T3 - lungs, chest T4 - gall bladder T5 - liver. veins. arteries, solar plexus T6 - stomach T7 - pancreas, duodendum T8 - spleen T9 - adrenals T10 - kidneys T11 - ureters T12 - small intenstine, lymph interstital w nodes & vessels L1 - larg instentines, linguinal area L2 - abdomen, appendix, upper legs L3 - bladder, sex organs, knees L4 - sciatic nerves, prostrate gland L5 - lower legs, feet, toes sacrum - hips, buttocks S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 CX (coccyx) - rectum, upper arms Co1 Co2 Co3 Co4 Co5

Question 26

mental

Answer 26

chin

Question 27

joints, types of Fundamentals ch4

Answer 27

diathroses = freely moveable condyloid, as tilts the head ball-and-joint, as in hip and shoulder gliding, as in vertebrae amphiarthroses = slightly moveable saddle, as in thumb pivot, as turns the head, lower arm (independent of upper arm) hinge, as in elbow synarthroses = immoveable

Question 28

nasal

Answer 28

nose

Question 29

occipital lobe

Answer 29

back lower skull

Question 30

oral

Answer 30

mouth

Question 31

orbital

Answer 31

region of the eyes

Question 32

otic

Answer 32

ear

Question 33

parietal lobes

Answer 33

sides of skull

Question 34

parietal

Answer 34

relating to wall of an organ or cavity

Question 35

patellar

Answer 35

kneecap

Question 36

pectoral

Answer 36

chest, front

Question 37

perineal

Answer 37

between pelvis and rectum

Question 38

joints, movements Fundamentals, ch4 p150-151

Answer 38

flexion - reduces angle in a joint extension - increases angle in a joint abduction - movement away from midline adduction - movement toward midline pronation - turning palm downward supination - turning palm upward eversion - turning sole of foot away from midline inversion - turning sole of foot toward midline plantar - movement of the plantar surface dorsiflexion - movement of the dorsal surface rotation - rolling lateral side toward the midline circumduction - rolling lateral side away from midline protraction - thrusting part of body forward retraction - pulling part of body backward elevation - raising part of body depression - lowering part of body opposition - placing one part of body opposite of another

Question 39

peroneal

Answer 39

outside of leg; fibula

Question 40

bursae

Answer 40

sac like structure found close to joint cavities function = lubricate to reduce friction of joint movment most bursae are synovial (filled w synovial fluid)

Question 41

popiteal

Answer 41

back of knee

Question 42

bones of the arms and hands

Answer 42

clavicle scalpula humerus radius (from thumb) and ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges

Question 43

pubic

Answer 43

pubic bone

Question 44

bones of the legs and feet

Answer 44

femur patella tibia (closer to midline) and fibula tarsais metatarsals phalanges

Question 45

sacral

Answer 45

tailbone

Question 46

bones of the pelvis

Answer 46

ilium - pelvic bone acetabalum - socket ishium - lower back pubis - lower front

Question 47

sternal

Answer 47

breast bone

Question 48

bones of the lower torso

Answer 48

lumbar and sacral vertebrae coccyx pelvis

Question 49

bones of the upper torso

Answer 49

thoracic vertebrae sternum scapula 24 ribs

Question 50

sural

Answer 50

calf

Question 51

tarsal

Answer 51

ankle

Question 52

temporal lobes

Answer 52

temple

Question 53

thoracic

Answer 53

chest, back

Question 54

bones of head and neck Trail Guide p225-232

Answer 54

cranium occipital lambdoid sutures separates external occipital proturbance (bony outcrops) superior nuchal line (the line the bony outcrops form) parietal sagittal sutures separates temporal mastoid process (bony proturbance behind ears) frontal face sphenoid nasal volmer (separates nostrils) lacrimal (where glasses rest) ethmoid (behind lacrimal) zygomatic (cheekbones) maxilla (between lips and nostrils) mandible (jaw) mental (chin) neck anterior hyoid posteror cervical vertebrae

Question 55

umbilical

Answer 55

navel, belly-button

Question 56

valgus

Answer 56

abnormal alignment of anatomical part away from midline ex. duck feet

Question 57

varus

Answer 57

abnormal alignment of anatomical part toward the midline ex. pigeon foot

Question 58

articular disks/discs

Answer 58

thin oval plate of fibrocartilage separating joints with synovial cavities

Question 59

vertebrae

Answer 59

spine

Question 60

muscle movements, directional

Answer 60

adductor = to move towards midline abductor = to move away from midline flexor = bends a part extensor = straightens a part levator = raises a part depressor = lowers a part tensor = tightens a part

Question 61

muscle movements, agonists V antagonists

Answer 61

the following happens with muscle pairs; agonists = those that are responsible for the primary intended movement antagonists = those that oppose the movement of the agonist synergists = muscles that assist the movement of the agonists; attributable the quality of coordination contraction = shortening, thickening of a muscle relaxation = lengthening flexion & extenstion of joints = whereby one side flexes the other side extends

Question 62

terms for specific muscle attributes

Answer 62

aponeurosis = astenia = atrophy = belly = clonus = contracture = cramp = concentric = eccentric = fasica = fascicle = fasciculation = hyperkinesia = hypertrophy = insertion = to where the muscle ends isometric contraction = musculotendinous junction = myalgia = origin = from where muscle begins proximal attachment = distal attachment = spasm = tone =

Question 63

muscles of the head and neck Trail Guide

Answer 63

cephalad cranial temporalis occipitalis frontalis facial frontalis masseter superficial deep belly mastoid process, deep digastric, posterior belly, (jaw under the ear) digastric, anterior belly, (jaw to chin) mylohyoid (jaw alongside chin) geniohyoid (under chin) medial pterygoid cervical sternocleidomastoideus splenius capitis trapezius