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AASM 2022sep-2023aug cohort > Essentials, ch3 + Fundamentals ch4, anatomical lexicon > Flashcards

Essentials, ch3 + Fundamentals ch4, anatomical lexicon Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal

A

stomach

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2
Q

acromial

A

shoulders, scapula

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3
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

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4
Q

antecubital

A

where the elbow bends

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5
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth white connective tissue covering the ends of bones.
the junction of articular cartilage is a joint

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6
Q

axillary

A

armpit

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7
Q

carpal

A

wrist

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8
Q

brachial

A

upper arm

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9
Q

buccal

A

cheek

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10
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

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11
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail

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12
Q

cephalad

A

toward the head

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13
Q

cervical

A

neck

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14
Q

coxsal

A

hip

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15
Q

crural

A

leg

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16
Q

cubital

A

elbow

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17
Q

digital

A

fingers and toes

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18
Q

sacroillac

A

of the sacrum and ilium

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19
Q

femoral

A

thigh; femur

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20
Q

gluteal

A

buttock

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21
Q

Inguinal

A

groin

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22
Q

systems of the body

A

Cardiovascular - heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Lymphatic - lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, interstitial
Respiratory - lungs, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchial, diaphragm, pharynx, ?sinus

Integumentary - skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands
Musculoskeletal - bones, ligaments, tendons, joints (articular), skeletal muscles

Fascial (per Trail Guide)

Digestive - mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, intestines, colon
Urinary - kidneys, bladder, uretha, ureters

Endocrine - endocrine glands (hypothalmus, pituitary (hypophisis), pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals,
islets cells of the pancreas, and gonads: ovaries, testes)
Reproductive
female - ovaries, uterine tubes (oviducts), uterus, vagina, labia
male - testes, penis, prostrate gland, seminal vesicles, spermatic ducts

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23
Q

ligament

A

short tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connect 2 bones or 2 cartilages or hold a a joint together

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24
Q

tendon

A

corded connective tissue joining skeletal muscle to bone

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25
Q

parts of the vertebrae

A

Cervical
C1 (atlas) - head, brain, middle & inner ear
C2 (axis) - audiroy nerves, sinus, eyes, tongue
C3 - teeth, cheeds, outer ear
C4 - nose, mouth, lips, eustachian tubes
C5 - pharynx, larynx
C6 - shoulders, neck, tonsils
C7 (prominus) - thyroid, parathyroid, elbows
T1- trachea, esophagus, lower arms, hands, fingers
T2 - heart
T3 - lungs, chest
T4 - gall bladder
T5 - liver. veins. arteries, solar plexus
T6 - stomach
T7 - pancreas, duodendum
T8 - spleen
T9 - adrenals
T10 - kidneys
T11 - ureters
T12 - small intenstine, lymph interstital w nodes & vessels
L1 - larg instentines, linguinal area
L2 - abdomen, appendix, upper legs
L3 - bladder, sex organs, knees
L4 - sciatic nerves, prostrate gland
L5 - lower legs, feet, toes
sacrum - hips, buttocks
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
CX (coccyx) - rectum, upper arms
Co1
Co2
Co3
Co4
Co5

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26
Q

mental

A

chin

27
Q

joints, types of
Fundamentals ch4

A

diathroses = freely moveable
condyloid, as tilts the head
ball-and-joint, as in hip and shoulder
gliding, as in vertebrae
amphiarthroses = slightly moveable
saddle, as in thumb
pivot, as turns the head, lower arm
(independent of upper arm)
hinge, as in elbow
synarthroses = immoveable

28
Q

nasal

A

nose

29
Q

occipital lobe

A

back lower skull

30
Q

oral

A

mouth

31
Q

orbital

A

region of the eyes

32
Q

otic

A

ear

33
Q

parietal lobes

A

sides of skull

34
Q

parietal

A

relating to wall of an organ or cavity

35
Q

patellar

A

kneecap

36
Q

pectoral

A

chest, front

37
Q

perineal

A

between pelvis and rectum

38
Q

joints, movements
Fundamentals, ch4 p150-151

A

flexion - reduces angle in a joint
extension - increases angle in a joint
abduction - movement away from midline
adduction - movement toward midline
pronation - turning palm downward
supination - turning palm upward
eversion - turning sole of foot away from midline
inversion - turning sole of foot toward midline
plantar - movement of the plantar surface
dorsiflexion - movement of the dorsal surface
rotation - rolling lateral side toward the midline
circumduction - rolling lateral side away from midline
protraction - thrusting part of body forward
retraction - pulling part of body backward
elevation - raising part of body
depression - lowering part of body
opposition - placing one part of body opposite of another

39
Q

peroneal

A

outside of leg; fibula

40
Q

bursae

A

sac like structure found close to joint cavities
function = lubricate to reduce friction of joint movment
most bursae are synovial (filled w synovial fluid)

41
Q

popiteal

A

back of knee

42
Q

bones of the arms and hands

A

clavicle
scalpula
humerus
radius (from thumb) and ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

43
Q

pubic

A

pubic bone

44
Q

bones of the legs and feet

A

femur
patella
tibia (closer to midline) and fibula
tarsais
metatarsals
phalanges

45
Q

sacral

A

tailbone

46
Q

bones of the pelvis

A

ilium - pelvic bone
acetabalum - socket
ishium - lower back
pubis - lower front

47
Q

sternal

A

breast bone

48
Q

bones of the lower torso

A

lumbar and sacral vertebrae
coccyx
pelvis

49
Q

bones of the upper torso

A

thoracic vertebrae
sternum
scapula
24 ribs

50
Q

sural

A

calf

51
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

52
Q

temporal lobes

A

temple

53
Q

thoracic

A

chest, back

54
Q

bones of head and neck
Trail Guide p225-232

A

cranium
occipital
lambdoid sutures separates
external occipital proturbance (bony outcrops)
superior nuchal line (the line the bony outcrops form)
parietal
sagittal sutures separates
temporal
mastoid process (bony proturbance behind ears)
frontal
face
sphenoid
nasal
volmer (separates nostrils)
lacrimal (where glasses rest)
ethmoid (behind lacrimal)
zygomatic (cheekbones)
maxilla (between lips and nostrils)
mandible (jaw)
mental (chin)
neck
anterior
hyoid
posteror
cervical vertebrae

55
Q

umbilical

A

navel, belly-button

56
Q

valgus

A

abnormal alignment of anatomical part away from midline
ex. duck feet

57
Q

varus

A

abnormal alignment of anatomical part toward the midline
ex. pigeon foot

58
Q

articular disks/discs

A

thin oval plate of fibrocartilage separating joints with synovial cavities

59
Q

vertebrae

A

spine

60
Q

muscle movements, directional

A

adductor = to move towards midline
abductor = to move away from midline
flexor = bends a part
extensor = straightens a part
levator = raises a part
depressor = lowers a part
tensor = tightens a part

61
Q

muscle movements, agonists V antagonists

A

the following happens with muscle pairs;
agonists = those that are responsible for the primary intended movement
antagonists = those that oppose the movement of the agonist

synergists = muscles that assist the movement of the agonists; attributable the quality of coordination

contraction = shortening, thickening of a muscle
relaxation = lengthening

flexion & extenstion of joints = whereby one side flexes the other side extends

62
Q

terms for specific muscle attributes

A

aponeurosis =

astenia =

atrophy =

belly =

clonus =

contracture =

cramp =

concentric =

eccentric =

fasica =

fascicle =

fasciculation =

hyperkinesia =

hypertrophy =

insertion = to where the muscle ends

isometric contraction =

musculotendinous junction =

myalgia =

origin = from where muscle begins

proximal attachment =

distal attachment =

spasm =

tone =

63
Q

muscles of the head and neck
Trail Guide

A

cephalad
cranial
temporalis
occipitalis
frontalis
facial
frontalis
masseter
superficial
deep belly
mastoid process, deep
digastric, posterior belly, (jaw under the ear)
digastric, anterior belly, (jaw to chin)
mylohyoid (jaw alongside chin)
geniohyoid (under chin)
medial pterygoid
cervical
sternocleidomastoideus
splenius capitis
trapezius

AASM 2022sep-2023aug cohort (12 decks)

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