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French Wine Scholar > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Botrytis cinerea is also known as…

A

Noble Rot or Pourriture Noble

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2
Q

What are the three levels of the French Wine Quality Pyramid?

A

AOC/AOP
IGP
Vins sans IG (Vin de France)

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3
Q

What are basal buds?

A

On a shoot, basal buds are those closest to the trunk

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4
Q

What is the difference between conventional and sustainable farming practices?

A

Conventional farming practices rely heavily upon agrochemicals; sustainable farming methods use agrochemicals more discriminately

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5
Q

T or F: Grapes are described as early-to-late ripeners relative to the harvest date of Chasselas

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Above what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?

A

95 F / 35 C

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7
Q

Below what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?

A

50 F / 10 C

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8
Q

T or F: Phylloxera is indigenous to Europe

A

FALSE. It is indigenous to North America.

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9
Q

Powdery Mildew is also known by what name?

A

Oidium

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10
Q

Downy Mildew is also known by what name?

A

Peronospera

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11
Q

A Pét-Nat is made via what production method?

A

Méthode Ancestrale

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12
Q

What sparkling wine production method involves just one fermentation?

A

Méthode Ancestrale

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13
Q

Define “oxidative winemaking”

A

A practice by which a wine is deliberately allowed contact with oxygen

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14
Q

Define “reductive winemaking”

A

A practice by which a wine’s contact with oxygen is minimized before bottling

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15
Q

Define “passerillage”

A

A process by which the stalks of the grape clusters are twisted, cutting off the flow of sap and causing the grapes to dessicate on the vine

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16
Q

What is a synonym for Melon de Bourgogne?

A

Muscadet

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17
Q

Define “monopole”

A

A vineyard with a single owner

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18
Q

Name the 3 most commonly grown grapes in northeastern France during the Middle Ages

A

Pinot
Savagnin
Gouais Blanc

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19
Q

The word “meunier” translates as…?

A

“Miller”. The grape is so named because the underside of the leaves appear as though dusted with flour

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20
Q

Malbec is a natural cross of what two grapes?

A

Prunelard and Magdeleine Noire des Charentes

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21
Q

What does VDN stand for?

A

Vin Doux Naturel

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22
Q

Name the process by which neutral grape spirit is added to a fermenting must

A

Mutage

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23
Q

What French city was home to the coronation of French kings?

A

Reims

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24
Q

Define “ban des vendages”

A

The official picking date as prescribed by government officials

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25
What is the longest river in France?
Loire
26
What climatic event in 1956 drastically changed viticulture in France?
The Great Winter Freeze of 1956
27
What is the Mistral?
A cold, north wind largely impacting the Rhône Valley and Provence
28
What is the Tramontane?
A cold, north wind largely impacting Languedoc and Roussilon
29
The Phocaeans founded what important city in the south of France?
Marseille
30
What was the traditional language of the Languedoc?
Occitan
31
Cabernet Sauvignon is a natural cross of what two grapes?
Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc
32
Syrah is a natural cross of what two grapes?
Mondeuse Blanche and Dureza
33
What three varieties of Muscat grow in France?
Muscat a Petit Grains Muscat d'Alexandrie Muscat Ottonel
34
Chardonnay is a natural cross of what two grapes?
Pinot and Gouais Blanc
35
Define "diurnal"
Daily; of each day, e.g. diurnal temperature swing
36
What river cuts through the vineyards of Champagne, as well as the city of Paris?
The Seine
37
In French, a river that flows into a body of water like a sea or lake is called what?
A fleuve
38
In French, a river that flows into another river is called what?
A rivière
39
Define the Napoleonic Code of Inheritance
A decree that mandated that all inheritable property be evenly divided between each child in the family
40
What historically important project first connected Toulouse to the Mediterranean?
The Canal de Midi
41
Define "Bordeaux Mixture"
A copper sulfate solution used to combat fungal diseases
42
What are the two governing bodies for biodynamic farming practices?
Demeter (founded in Germany) Biodyvin (founded in France), certifies vineyards only
43
Define "coulure"
Poor fruit set caused by cloudy, cold, and/or wet weather at flowering
44
Define "véraison"
The point at which berries change color and soften
45
Define "marcottage"
Vine propagation by layering
46
T or F: Guyot is a form of cane training
TRUE
47
T or F: Cordon is a form of cane training
FALSE: It is a form of spur training
48
What is the French term for a bush trained vine?
Gobelet
49
Define "must"
Unfermented grape juice
50
Define "débourbage"
Juice setting
51
In the 14th century, the Papacy moved its headquarters from Rome to what French city?
Avignon, in the Rhône Valley
52
What historical figure first united Gaul under one rule and one religion?
Clovis, King of the Franks
53
Define "transversage"
Process in which 750 ml bottles of champagne are used to fill larger/smaller bottles after disgorgement
54
Define "dosage"
A mix of still wine and sugar added to a bottle of sparkling wine after disgorgement; determines final sweetness level
55
Define "pupitres"
The traditional A-framed structures used in the champagne riddling process
56
Define "remuage"
The process by which lees are moved to the neck of the sparkling wine bottle in preparation for disgorgement; also known as riddling
57
Define "prise de mousse"
"The seizing of the foam," i.e. the second fermentation in traditional method sparkling wine production
58
Define "sur lattes"
The placement of sparkling wine bottles on their side between lattes, i.e. thin pieces of wood; the second fermentation takes place at this stage
59
Define "sur lie" aging
The process of aging wine in contact with its dead yeast cells
60
Define "autolysis"
The decomposition of dead yeast cells
61
Define "Claret"
British term for the red wines of Bordeaux
62
A wine display at the Expositional Universelle of 1855 in Paris resulted in what famous document?
The Classification of 1855
63
Define "graben"
A rift valley created when land sinks between two parallel faults
64
As a general rule, grapes are picked how many days after vérasion?
45
65
Define "macération peliculaire"
Skin contact in white wine making
66
What production method utilizes an anaerobic environment to encourage an enzymatic fermentation?
Carbonic Maceration
67
What is the name for the process of adding sugar to a must in order to increase the final alcohol level?
Chaptalization
68
Define "stuck fermentation"
A fermentation that accidentally stops before all of the sugar has been converted to alcohol
69
Define "lees"
Dead yeast cells
70
Define "bâtonnage"
Lees stirring
71
What is the name for the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid?
Malolactic conversion
72
Bentonite, Casein, and Gelatin are common agents in what process?
Fining
73
What is the name for the "bleeding method" of rosé production?
Saignée
74
Why might a winemaker cold stabilize their wine?
To remove tartaric acid before bottling so that it does not precipitate out after bottling
75
What people introduced formal viticulture to the Celtic tribes of "Gaul"?
Phocaeans, Greeks from Asia Minor
76
Define "bonbonnes"
Glass demi-johns
77
Define "pigeage"
Punching down the cap; a cap management technique
78
Define "délestage"
Rack and return; a cap management technique
79
Define "rémontage"
Pump over; a cap management technique
80
Define "vin de goutte"
Free-run juice

French Wine Scholar (17 decks)

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