fundamental review 2

Question 1

what is transcription?

Answer 1

the process by which dna is making RNA

Question 2

what is translation?

Answer 2

the process by which proteins are coded for RNA

Question 3

what protien is responsible for dna synthesis?

Answer 3

dna polymerase

Question 4

how accurate is dna synthesis?

Answer 4

it is very accurate, only with a few errors per cell

Question 5

how does the dna polymerase monitor for abnormalities?

Answer 5

there is a proofreading polypeptide present in the polymerase

Question 6

what does this proofreading polymerase do for the gene sequence?

Answer 6

it can allow the wrong base to be excluded

Question 7

what comes first, transcription or translation?

Answer 7

transCription
(remember that c comes before l in the alphabet)

Question 8

does DNA need a primer to begin replication

Answer 8

yes it does need a primer

Question 9

what enzyme does transcription?

Answer 9

the RNA polymerase

Question 10

how many strands of DNA acts as the template for transcription?

Answer 10

just one strand

Question 11

after translation, does the new sequence remail attatched to the strand of DNA?

Answer 11

no, it does not. after a few pairs, the strand of dna is deplaced by the polymerase

Question 12

is transcription or or less accurate than dna replication?

Answer 12

less accurate. there is more space for abnormalities

Question 13

what is the general process of transcription?

Answer 13

the rna polymerase binds to the dna, it elongates, then it terminates

Question 14

what is translation?

Answer 14

when mature RNA is made into protein

Question 15

does translation take minimal or a lot of energy?

Answer 15

it takes a lot of energy and is very taxing on the cell

Question 16

what is the purpose of tRNA?

Answer 16

to be an adaptor for the growing rna chain and the amino acid

Question 17

is the entire portion of Mrna translated?

Answer 17

no, just a section of the strand

Question 18

what is a codon?

Answer 18

a 3 letter section of rna that tells which amino acid is going to be coded

Question 19

what is the open reading frame?

Answer 19

the section of rna that is the initiating codon (start codon), and it is usually AUG

Question 20

what is the kozak sequence?

Answer 20

the section of the gene that determines where the start AUG is

Question 21

what is the general rule for trna base pairs and the ending rule ?

Answer 21

5’, (varying sequences), CCA, 3’

Question 22

what is always going to be the ending of the trna sequence?

Answer 22

cca, 3’

Question 23

what is the purpose of the ribosome?

Answer 23

to direct protien from the synthesis of mrna

Question 24

how many proteins can a ribosome direct at any given time?

Answer 24

one at a time

Question 25

can different proteins be directed by different ribosomes at any given time?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

how does termination occur?

Answer 26

when the ribosome gets to the stop codon

Question 27

can ribosomes be recycled?

Answer 27

yes they are and they can be used for other protien sequences

Question 28

are codons/amino acids overlapping?

Answer 28

in most cases no

Question 29

what is the chain of codons called?

Answer 29

a frame

Question 30

what is a missense mutation?

Answer 30

when a single base pair mutation causes one amino acid to be swapped for another

Question 31

what is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 31

when the mutation causes an amino acid to be changed to a stop codon

Question 32

what is a frameshift mutation?

Answer 32

when a single base pair is inserted or deleted and this causes the entire frame is read as a different one