fundamental review 2 Flashcards
what is transcription?
the process by which dna is making RNA
what is translation?
the process by which proteins are coded for RNA
what protien is responsible for dna synthesis?
dna polymerase
how accurate is dna synthesis?
it is very accurate, only with a few errors per cell
how does the dna polymerase monitor for abnormalities?
there is a proofreading polypeptide present in the polymerase
what does this proofreading polymerase do for the gene sequence?
it can allow the wrong base to be excluded
what comes first, transcription or translation?
transCription
(remember that c comes before l in the alphabet)
does DNA need a primer to begin replication
yes it does need a primer
what enzyme does transcription?
the RNA polymerase
how many strands of DNA acts as the template for transcription?
just one strand
after translation, does the new sequence remail attatched to the strand of DNA?
no, it does not. after a few pairs, the strand of dna is deplaced by the polymerase
is transcription or or less accurate than dna replication?
less accurate. there is more space for abnormalities
what is the general process of transcription?
the rna polymerase binds to the dna, it elongates, then it terminates
what is translation?
when mature RNA is made into protein
does translation take minimal or a lot of energy?
it takes a lot of energy and is very taxing on the cell
what is the purpose of tRNA?
to be an adaptor for the growing rna chain and the amino acid
is the entire portion of Mrna translated?
no, just a section of the strand
what is a codon?
a 3 letter section of rna that tells which amino acid is going to be coded
what is the open reading frame?
the section of rna that is the initiating codon (start codon), and it is usually AUG
what is the kozak sequence?
the section of the gene that determines where the start AUG is
what is the general rule for trna base pairs and the ending rule ?
5’, (varying sequences), CCA, 3’
what is always going to be the ending of the trna sequence?
cca, 3’
what is the purpose of the ribosome?
to direct protien from the synthesis of mrna
how many proteins can a ribosome direct at any given time?
one at a time
can different proteins be directed by different ribosomes at any given time?
yes
how does termination occur?
when the ribosome gets to the stop codon
can ribosomes be recycled?
yes they are and they can be used for other protien sequences
are codons/amino acids overlapping?
in most cases no
what is the chain of codons called?
a frame
what is a missense mutation?
when a single base pair mutation causes one amino acid to be swapped for another
what is a nonsense mutation?
when the mutation causes an amino acid to be changed to a stop codon
what is a frameshift mutation?
when a single base pair is inserted or deleted and this causes the entire frame is read as a different one
