fundamental review 1

Question 1

what is genetics ?

Answer 1

the study of heredity

Question 2

what are genes?

Answer 2

the the basic unit of heredity

Question 3

where is dna found?

Answer 3

in the nucleus

Question 4

how many strands of DNA are there?

Answer 4

2. it is a double helix shape

Question 5

how can you tell which side of the structure is 5’ vs 3’?

Answer 5

the 5’ will always have the phosphate (p04)

Question 6

what are the base pairs for DNA?

Answer 6

adenine, thyamine, guanine, cytocine
(these pairs pair with each other in this order)

Question 7

which bases are the purines?

Answer 7

adenine and guanine

Question 8

which bases are the pyrines?

Answer 8

cytosine, thyamine, uracil

Question 9

which base pairing changes in RNA?

Answer 9

thyamine changes to uracil

Question 10

what is cytogenetics?

Answer 10

the study of chromosones

Question 11

what is a reason that cytogenetics is important?

Answer 11

birth defects can be caught early on with the study

Question 12

what is a chromosome?

Answer 12

tightly compacted DNA

Question 13

what is a chromatid?

Answer 13

the half of the chromosome

Question 14

what is a karyotype?

Answer 14

the full set of chromosomes

Question 15

how many pairs of autosomes are there?

Answer 15

22

Question 16

how many pairs of sex chromosomes are there?

Answer 16

1 (1x and 1y)

Question 17

why are maps used in genetic naming?

Answer 17

to signify a specific part of the gene

Question 18

what is mitosis?

Answer 18

when the cell divides itself in 2 producing 2 daughter cells

Question 19

what comes before prophase?

Answer 19

interphase

Question 20

what is klinefelter syndrome?

Answer 20

when a male is born with an extra x chromosome (xxy) and there are dimishing parts of testosterone

Question 21

what is turner syndrome?

Answer 21

a female born with only 1 x chromosome

Question 22

what are individuals with turner syndrome at risk for?

Answer 22

heart murmur, uti