fundamental review 1 Flashcards
what is genetics ?
the study of heredity
what are genes?
the the basic unit of heredity
where is dna found?
in the nucleus
how many strands of DNA are there?
- it is a double helix shape
how can you tell which side of the structure is 5’ vs 3’?
the 5’ will always have the phosphate (p04)
what are the base pairs for DNA?
adenine, thyamine, guanine, cytocine
(these pairs pair with each other in this order)
which bases are the purines?
adenine and guanine
which bases are the pyrines?
cytosine, thyamine, uracil
which base pairing changes in RNA?
thyamine changes to uracil
what is cytogenetics?
the study of chromosones
what is a reason that cytogenetics is important?
birth defects can be caught early on with the study
what is a chromosome?
tightly compacted DNA
what is a chromatid?
the half of the chromosome
what is a karyotype?
the full set of chromosomes
how many pairs of autosomes are there?
22
how many pairs of sex chromosomes are there?
1 (1x and 1y)
why are maps used in genetic naming?
to signify a specific part of the gene
what is mitosis?
when the cell divides itself in 2 producing 2 daughter cells
what comes before prophase?
interphase
what is klinefelter syndrome?
when a male is born with an extra x chromosome (xxy) and there are dimishing parts of testosterone
what is turner syndrome?
a female born with only 1 x chromosome
what are individuals with turner syndrome at risk for?
heart murmur, uti
