Fundamental Planning Knowledge Flashcards
Ebenezer Howard would be most likely to promote the design and construction of which type of cities?
Garden Cities, he wrote garden cities of tomorrow
Who is considered the “father of American Zoning”?
Edward Murray Basset
What is the 14th amendment in accordance to planning?
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;
What is the 5th amendment?
No person shall be…deprived of…property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation
How many acres in one HECTARE?
2.47 Acres
how many sf in one acre?
43,560
how many acres on a per household basis does it take to feed the U.S. population?
2 acres
What is adaptive reuse?
Adaptive reuse is a specific term used to describe the process of adapting buildings for new uses while retaining many of their historic features.
Public Facilities Ordinance
A public facilities ordinance allows the city to determine when infrastructure will be extended and maintain an adequate level of service. New building permits would not be issued unless the infrastructure is adequate.
What is ADT?
Average daily traffic (ADT) is the measure most commonly used for traffic volume
Adverse Possession
Adverse possession is a method of acquiring title to a property by possession for a period of time, based on statute. Squatters rights are a specific form of adverse possession. Squatters typically do not have a right to the title of the property but cannot be removed without due process.
Homesteading
Homesteading occurs when the land has no legal owner or is owned by the government. The government allows homesteading with an expectation that the person occupying the property will undertake specific actions to gain the title.
Adverse abandonment
Adverse abandonment is associated with acquiring land abandoned by a railroad.
Advocacy Planning
Advocacy planning brings planning into the public eye and assists in recognizing the different needs of interest groups in the community.
A metric to measure housing affordability
median housing price to median income, A ratio greater than 2.5 indicates housing is unaffordable.
Is there a formalized accreditation program for planning departments?
no
Agins v. City of Tiburon established that a regulation is a taking if…
A regulation is a taking if it deprives the property of all economic value and does not advance a governmental interest and if it fails to advance a legitimate govt. interest.
A temporary deprivation does not cause a taking.
What is the most frequent land use in the U.S.?
Agriculture.
Because of urbanization, the amount of land in agriculture is declining and there is a trend toward larger farm operations. Still, small family farms (less than $350,000 in gross cash farm income) account for 90 percent of all U.S. farms. The U.S. EPA reports on major trends in agriculture.
The correct answer is: Agriculture is the most frequent use of land in the United States with 1/5 of land used for crops and just under 1/3 used for livestock grazing.
What is an SIP
States are required to develop a state implementation plan (SIP) for air quality. These air quality plans must include the following: Provisions for ozone nonattainment areas, provisions for carbon monoxide nonattainment areas, provisions for particulate matter nonattainment, and provisions for designated nonattainment for sulfur oxides, nitrogen dioxide, or lead. Transportation is a major source of air pollution—for example carbon monoxide, which is required to be addressed as part of the state implementation plan. Regional transportation plans and improvement programs would be expected to be included in an SIP.
Who is Alfred Bettman
lfred Bettman (1873-1945) was the first president of ASPO (American Society of Planning Officials) and one of the key founders of modern urban planning. Zoning, as we know it today, can be attributed to his successful arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court, which resulted in the 1926 decision in favor of the Village of Euclid, Ohio versus Ambler Realty Company.
The concept of the “Comprehensive Plan,” as used in most cities across the United States, is in no small part due to the work of Bettman and Ladislas Segoe on the “Cincinnati Plan.” Communities of all sizes across the United States can also thank Bettman for his part in creating the “Capital Improvements Budget.”
What Planning practice was highly influence through the Cincinnati Plan
Comprehensive Planning, Alfred Bettman
Village of Euclid, Ohio V. Ambler Realty Company
UPHELD THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE ZONING ORDINANCE
The Ambler Realty Company owned 68 acres of land in the village of Euclid, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. On November 13, 1922, the village council passed a zoning ordinance dividing the village into several districts. The ordinance defined the use and size of buildings permissible in each district. Ambler Realty’s land spanned multiple districts, and the company was therefore significantly restricted in the types of buildings it could construct on the land. Ambler Realty filed suit against the village, claiming the ordinance violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s protections of liberty and property described in the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. A federal district court agreed and issued an injunction against enforcement of the ordinance.
When was the Americans with Disabilities Act passed?
Passed in 1990.
The Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990. The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 overturned two controversial Supreme Court decisions and made the scope of the ADA more broad and inclusive. The 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design set minimum requirements for newly designed, constructed, or altered state and local government facilities, public accommodations, and commercial facilities to be readily accessible and usable by individuals with disabilities.
The correct answer is: The ADA passed in 1990 and was significantly amended in 2008. Current regulations are set in the 2010 Standards for Accessible Design, which replaced standards set in 1991.
Amatai Etzioni proposed which theory?
Mixed Scanning