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Oral Biology > Functions 1 > Flashcards

Functions 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the muscles of mastication (4)

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Lateral Pterygoid
  4. Medial Pterygoid
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2
Q

Origin of the masseter

A

Zygomatic arch

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3
Q

Insertion of the masseter

A

Lateral surface + angle of the mandible

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4
Q

Action of the masseter

A

Elevates the mandible

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5
Q

How is the masseter examined?

A

Place 1 finger intra-orally and the other on the cheek

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6
Q

In what patients is the master/temporalis tender?

A

Patients with a bruxism habit

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7
Q

Origin of the temporalis

A

Floor of the temporal fossa

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8
Q

Insertion of the temporalis

A

Coronoid process + anterior border of the ramus

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9
Q

Action of the temporalis

A

Elevates + retract the mandible

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10
Q

How is the temporalis examined

A

Palpate its origin by asking the patient to clench the teeth together

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11
Q

Origin of the lateral pterygoid

A

From the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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12
Q

Insertion of the lateral pterygoid

A

Anterior border of the condyle + intra-articular disc via 2 independent heads

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13
Q

Function of the lateral pterygoid

A
  • Protrudes and laterally deviates the mandible

- The inferior head functions with the mandibular depressors during openings

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14
Q

Where does the inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid attach

A

To the head of the condyle

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15
Q

Where does the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid attach

A

Inserts into the intra-articular disc

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16
Q

How is the temporalis examined digitally

A

Digital palpation between the superior and inferior temporal lines just above the ear, extending forwards towards the supra-orbital region

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17
Q

How is the lateral pterygoid examined

A

Not accessible to manual palpation

Best examined by resisted movement tests

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18
Q

What muscle is usually not examined in a dental practice

A

Medial pterygoid

19
Q

Origin of the medial pterygoid (2)

A

DEEP HEAD:
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

SUPERFICIAL HEAD:
Tuberosity of the maxilla

20
Q

Insertion of the medial pterygoid

A

Medial surface of the angle of the mandible

21
Q

Action of the medial pterygoid

A

Elevates and assists in protrusion of the mandible

22
Q

Why is the medial pterygoid not examined? (2)

A
  • Because of the location of the medial pterygoid, on the inside of the jaw its not available for palpation
  • Also doesn’t respond well to resistive movement tests
23
Q

Whats the only muscle that can be hit following an injection?

A

Medial pterygoid

Will cause discomfort + annoyance but not a huge issue

24
Q

Effects of hitting the medial pterygoid

A

Trismus (temporary lock jaw)

25
Q

How is Inferior alveolar nerve block used efficiently?

A

Bone should be contacted to ensure correct position within the pterygomandibular triangular and not to hit the soft tissues

26
Q

Movements of the TMJ (2)

A
  1. Rotation
    - Initial opening
    - Hinge movement
  2. Translation
    - Wider opening
    - Sliding
    - Protrusive + retrusive movements
27
Q

What occurs during translation movements of the TMJ (2)

A
  • As the mandible moves during protrusion, both condyles leave their fossa and move forward along the articular eminences
  • When the mandible retrudes, both condyles leave their eminences and move back into their respective fossa
28
Q

Maximum biting/clenching forces for molars

A

200-700N

29
Q

State psychological factors that could affect the results for maximum biting force results

A

Fear of tooth fracture could limit maximum biting force recorded

30
Q

State factors affecting maximum biting force (2)

A
  1. Muscle mass
    - Bigger muscles = larger forces
  2. Tooth type and position
    - Root area (PDL support)
31
Q

How does a hypertrophic masseter muscle present in a patient?

A

Unilateral chewing if one side is bigger

32
Q

What are the different muscle fibre types (3)

A
  1. Type 1
    - Slow low forces
  2. Type 2
    - Faster stronger forces
  3. Sub types IIA, IIX, IIB
33
Q

What does predominant fibre type depend on (2)

A
  1. Jaw morphology

2. Diet

34
Q

What type of muscle fibre do people with square jaws have more of`?

A

More Type 2 fibres and can generate stronger bite forces

35
Q

Why do molars have the greatest bite forces?

A

Molars are nearer the force generating muscles and the TMJ

36
Q

Function of supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscles (2)

A
  • Involved in mastication

- Play a role in stabilising the hyoid bone whilst we chew

37
Q

What makes up the suprahyoid muscles (4)

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Mylohyoid
  3. Geniohyoid
  4. Stylohyoid
38
Q

What makes up the infrahyoid strap muscles (4)

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Sternothyroid
  3. Thyrohyoid
  4. Omohyoid
39
Q

What examples for the suprahyoid muscles act as jaw depressors (3)

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Mylohyoid
  3. Geniohyoid
40
Q

What are the different types of tongue muscles (2)

A
  1. Intrinsic (alter shape)

2. Extrinsic (alter shape + position)

41
Q

Examples of intrinsic tongue muscles (3)

A
  1. Longitudinal
  2. Vertical
  3. Transverse
42
Q

Examples of extrinsic tongue muscles (4)

A
  1. Genioglossus
  2. Hypoglossus
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Styloglossus
43
Q

Function of facial muscles

A

Help to control food bolus and prevent spillage

44
Q

Examples of facial muscles (2)

A
  1. Orbicularis oris

2. Buccinator

Oral Biology (10 decks)

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