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Oral Biology > Bone + Cartilage > Flashcards

Bone + Cartilage Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 bone types?

A
  1. Cortical, compact bone

2. Cancellous, spongy bone

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2
Q

Compare the 2 different MACROSCOPIC bone types (4)

A

CORTICAL

  • Dense, outer plate
  • 8-85% of the skeleton

CANCELLOUS, SPONGY BONE

  • Internal trabecular scaffolding
  • 15-20% of skeleton
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3
Q

What is the alveolar bone?

A

The part of the mandibular and maxillary bone which surrounds the teeth and forms the tooth sockets

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4
Q

Does cortical bone contain BVS?

A

YES

Cortical bone has nutrient canals that contain BV’S

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5
Q

What is the composition of bone by weight (3)

A
  1. 60% inorganic
  2. 25% organic
  3. 15% water
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6
Q

What makes up the inorganic portion of bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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7
Q

What makes up the organic portion of the bone?

A
  • Collagen (90%)
  • Glycoproteins
  • Proteoglycans
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8
Q

What 2 ways can bone be resorbed around the tooth? (2)

A
  1. Whole alveolar bone can come as one part

2. Or part of the bone is resorbed

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9
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix (2)

A
  1. Ground substance (semi-fluid gel)
  2. Fibres (reinforce extracellular ground substance)
    - Collagen
    - Elastin
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10
Q

What are the 2 different MICROSCOPIC bone types

A
  1. Woven bone

2. Lamellar bone

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11
Q

Compare the 2 different MICROSCOPIC bone types

A

WOVEN BONE:

  • Rapidly laid down
  • Irregular disposition of collagen
  • For fracture repair (callus)
  • Contains many osteocytes

LAMELLAR BONE: (more organised)

  • Laid down more slowly
  • Collagen fibres laid down in parallel
  • Normal form in adult
  • Contains fewer osteocytes
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12
Q

What type of bone is found in a fractured bone?

A

Areas of woven bone

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13
Q

What type of bone is found in an original bone?

A

Lamellar bone

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14
Q

Following orthodox tx, what bone can be MORE present?

A

MORE woven over lamellar

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15
Q

Describe the structure of cortical/compact bone (5)

A
  1. Laid down in lamellar bone
  2. Forms longitudinal columns
  3. Organised in Haversian systems around central canal
  4. Lateral (volkmans) canals

CANALS contain BV’s

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16
Q

Describe the structure of cancellous bone (6)

A
  1. Network of thin trabeculae
  2. Trabeculae consist of lamellae
  3. Osteocytes present
  4. No obvious Haversian systems
  5. The bone is thin, and nutrients can diffuse in
  6. The spaces between the trabeculae are filled with bone marrow
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17
Q

What are osteoblasts derived from?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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18
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

Synthesise + secrete collagen fibres to form a matrix

19
Q

What is the matrix (formed by osteoblasts) mineralised by?

A

Calcium salts

20
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Osteoblasts that become trapped in mineralised bone

21
Q

Where are osteoblasts found?

A

They lie on the surface of bone

22
Q

Where are osteocytes found?

A

They lie within the spaces (lacunae)

23
Q

Function of osteocytes? (2)

A
  1. They contact other osteocytes via cytoplasmic processes that run in canaliculi
  2. Appear to communicate with osteoblasts
24
Q

State the type of arrangement present in osteocytes

A

Radicular arrangement

25
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Large multinucleate cells, derived from haemopoietic stem cells

26
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

Resorb bone (acid phosphatases)

27
Q

Where are osteoclasts found?

A

They lie in concavities in the bone (Howships lacunae)

28
Q

Define bone remodelling

A

The removal and replacement of bone tissue, without change in overall shape

29
Q

What is the bone remodelling process regulated by? (2)

A
  • Hormones (e.g. PTH + calcitonin)

- Parcines (various cytokines)

30
Q

When do tooth movements occur? (3)

A
  1. During eruption
  2. Post-eruptive (e.g. messiah drift)
  3. Ortho forces
31
Q

Describe cartilage structure

A

Semi-rigid, unmineralised connective tissue

32
Q

What are the different types of cartilage? (3)

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Fibro cartilage
  3. Elastic cartilage
33
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found? (3)

A
  1. Larynx
  2. Nasal septum
  3. Trachea
34
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A
  1. Invertebral discs

2. Pubic symphysis

35
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A
  1. External ear
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Eustacian tube
36
Q

What forms chondrocytes?

A

Chondroblasts that get trapped in the matrix become chondrocytes

37
Q

Are cartilage cells (chondrocytes) vascular?

A

NO

38
Q

What stores do chondrocytes contain? (2)

A

Stores of lipid and glycogen

39
Q

What are the types of bone growth?

A
  1. Endochondral ossification
    - Long bones
    - Cartilage precursor
  2. Intramembranous officiation
    - Flat bones
    - No cartilage precursor
40
Q

Define achondroplasia

A

A genetic defect of cartilage growth

Associated with limited growth on the sphenoid-occipital synchondrosis

41
Q

What type of arrangement does condylar cartilage have?

A

Endochondral arrangement

42
Q

When does the TMJ rearrange itself?

A

Disc and condyle changes shape as we are born and grow and lose teeth

43
Q

What makes up the TMJ histological structure?

A
  1. Articular disc
  2. Articular zone
  3. Proliferative zone
  4. Fibrocartilaginous zone
  5. Calcified cartilage
  6. Subarticular bone
44
Q

What 3 areas of the mandible have an important role in remodelling?

A
  1. Coronoid process
  2. Alveolar process
  3. Angular process

Oral Biology (10 decks)

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