Functional Neuroanatomy and Essential Neuropharmacology Flashcards
You are looking at a slice of a brain scan that is oriented so that it depicts one hemisphere with the frontal lobe on the left side of the scan and the occipital lobe on the right. You are looking at a ____.
A) coronal slice
B) sagittal slice
C) horizontal slice
D) vertical slice
B) sagittal slice
The parietal lobe is ____ to the temporal lobe.
A) lateral
B) ventral
C) caudal
D) dorsal
D) dorsal
A lesion of the ventral occipitotemporal are is most likely to affect ____:
A) auditory comprehension
B) visuospatial skills
C) face recognition
D) writing ability
C) face recognition
A patient with amnesia has a large lesion affecting many brain structures. In each item below, a pair of structures is listed. Damage to which of these pairs is most likely to produce dense amnesia?
A) mammillary bodies, dorsomedial thalamus
B) amygdala, dorsalmedial thalamus
C) hippocampus, cingulate gyrus
D) mammillothalamic tract, anterior thalamus
A) mammillary bodies, dorsomedial thalamus
Which of the following is a cortical region directly implicated in episodic memory processing?
A) hippocampus
B) Perirhinal cortex
C) preoptic area
D) lateral tegmental area
B) Perirhinal cortex
Which of the following structures is not part of the diencephalon?
A) hypothalamus
B) epithalamus
C) extended amygdala
D) subthalamus
C) extended amygdala
Lesions to the basal forebrain produce amnesia because_____:
A) cholinergic input to the hippocampus and amygdala are disrupted
B) pathways to the medial and lateral limbic circuits may be spared
C) a basal forebrain contains dopaminergic neurons involved in memory retrieval
D) the basal forebrain is a key site of memory storage
A) cholinergic input to the hippocampus and amygdala are disrupted
The classic interpretation of conduction aphasia is that it involves damage to the ____, thus disconnecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas.
A) arcuate fasciculus
B) supramarginal gyrus
C) cortical watershed areas
D) Medial frontal lobe, including supplementary motor area
A) arcuate fasciculus
Regions that appear important for mapping sounds to meaning in language include:
A) the inferior temporoparietal
B) the supramarginal and angular gyri
C) Heschl’s gyrus and anterior temporal pole
D) the supplementary motor area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B) the supramarginal and angular gyri
Pure word deafness results from ____:
A) destruction of primary auditory cortex
B) damage to auditory radiations within the acoustic nerve
C) bilateral disconnection of auditory receptive areas from Wernicke’s area
D) disconnection of Wernicke’s area from semantic regions of the anterior temporal lobe
C) bilateral disconnection of auditory receptive areas from Wernicke’s area
In the classic cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamo-cortical loop, the “input” to the basal ganglia is to the ____ and the output is via the ____.
A) globus pallidus, caudate nucleus
B) striatum, globus pallidus
C) globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens
D) striatum, nucleus accumbens
B) striatum, globus pallidus
Damage to the medial frontal cortex is primarily accosiated with ____:
A) intentional disorders
B) disinhibition of emotion and personality
C) executive dysfuntion
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
A) intentional disorders
Damage to the mesolimbic dopamine pathway has been associated with ____:
A) negative symptoms of schizophrenia
B) bradykinesia
C) impaired reward function
D) nonfluent aphasia
C) impaired reward function
Which of the following statements about glutamate is false?
A) it is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
B) it inhibits the formation of new memories
C) too much glutamate can cause excitotoxicity and cell death
D) glutamate has been implicated in stroke and Alzheimer’s disease
B) it inhibits the formation of new memories
