Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochemistry > Functional Groups Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Functional Groups Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A specific structural arrangement of atoms or bonds that imparts a characteristic reactivity to the molecule.

A

Functional Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are collections of atoms that attach the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule and confer specific properties.

A

Functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

in biological molecules play an important role in the formation of molecules like DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

A

Functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functional groups include:

A

hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and
sulfhydryl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Only carbon and hydrogen
  • All single bonds
A

alkanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up of just single bonds?

A

Cycloalkanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Natural source of alkanes

A
  • natural gas
  • petroleum
  • coal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Only carbon and hydrogen
  • A carbon to carbon double bond
A

alkenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?

A

diene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is used in welding torches because it burns at high temperature

A

Ethyne (acetylene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Many alkynes are of biological interest

A
  • Capillin
  • Dactylyne
  • Ethinyl estradiol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is an antifungal agent found naturally

A

Capillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is a marine natural product

A

Dactylyne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is a synthetic estrogen used in oral contraceptives

A

Ethinyl estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is the simpest alkyne

A

acetylene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

it is used in blow torches and as a precursor for the synthesis of more complex alkynes

A

acetylene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

histrionicotoxin

A

which cna be isolated from South American frogs and is used on poison-tipped arrows by South American tribes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces the hydrogen of an alkane

A

alkyl halides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

halogen

A

F, Cl, Br, I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In alkyl halides, a _____________ replaces the hydrogen of an alkane

A

halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

uses of alkyl halides

A
  • dry cleaning solvents
  • degreasing solvents
  • paint stripper
  • synthetic intermediates in idustry and the lab
22
Q

sources of alkyl halides

A
  • reactins of alkaswith halogens
  • nature, for instance halomon
23
Q
  • Only one oxygen
  • Has an O-H group
  • Can classify as 1º/2º/3º according to position of O-H group on carbon skeleton
24
Q

Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?

A

They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules

25
Some Alcohols
- ethanol - adrenaline - pseudephidrine - glycerol - cholesterol
26
- Only one oxygen - Has an O-H group - The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene ring
phenols
27
The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it?
Phenyl
28
- Only one oxygen - Has a C=O group - C=O group is at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom
aldehydes
29
Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form …?
Carboxylic acids
30
can be found in food
aldehydes
31
examples of aldehydes
- cinnamaldehyde - vanillin - citral -citronellal
32
the major component of cinnamon bark, is a common flavoring agent; odor of cinnamon
cinnamaldehyde
33
is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean.
vanillin
34
has the lemony odor characteristic of lemongrass
citral
35
gives the distinctive lemon odor to citronella candles, commonly used to repel mosquitoes
citronellal
36
- Only one oxygen - Has a C=O group - C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons
ketones
37
Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.
38
- Has 2 oxygens - Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom - This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain
carboxylic acids
39
examples pf carboxylic acids
- formic acid - acetic acid - citric acid - para-Aminobenzoic acid
40
- Has 2 oxygens - One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons
esters
41
This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.
Alcohol = methanol ester = methyl ethanoate
42
examples of esters
- methyl salicylate - ethyl butyrate - isobutyl propionate
43
oil of wintergreen
methyl salicylate
44
essence of pineapple
ethyl butyrate
45
essence of rum
isobutyl propionate
46
- Has 1 oxygen - No O-H or C=O group - The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms
ethers
47
Why do ethers have much lower boiling points than their isomeric alcohols?
No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules
48
are organic derivatives of ammonia
Amines
49
They are classified according to how many alkyl groups replace the hydrogens of ammonia
Amines
50
- Has 1 oxygen - C=O group - Contains a nitrogen
Amide
51

Biochemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions