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Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

A specific structural arrangement of atoms or bonds that imparts a characteristic reactivity to the molecule.

A

Functional Groups

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2
Q

are collections of atoms that attach the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule and confer specific properties

A

Functional Groups

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3
Q

Functional groups in biological molecules play an important role in

A

the formation of molecules like DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

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4
Q

Functional groups include:

A

hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

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5
Q
  • Only carbon and hydrogen
  • All single bonds
A

alkanes

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6
Q

What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds?

A

Cycloalkanes

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7
Q

source of alkanes

A

natural gas, petroleum, coal

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8
Q

is a mixture of hydrocarbons and each hydrocarbon has a different boiling point

A

crude oil

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9
Q

functional group prefixes in order

A

meth
eth
prop
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non
dec

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10
Q
  • Only carbon and hydrogen
  • A carbon to carbon double bond
A

alkenes

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11
Q

What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?

A

A diene

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12
Q

is used in welding torches because it burns at high temperature

A

ethyne (acetylene)

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13
Q

examples of alkynes

A

capillin, dactylyne, ethinyl estradiol

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14
Q

is an antifungal agent found naturally

A

capillin

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15
Q

is a marine natural product

A

dactylyne

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16
Q

is a synthetic estrogen used in oral contraceptives

A

Ethinyl estradiol

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17
Q

is the simplest alkyne

A

acytelene

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18
Q

can be isolated from South American frogs and is used on poison tipped arrows by South American tribes

A

histrionicotoxin

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19
Q

a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces the hydrogen of an alkane

A

Alkyl Halides

20
Q

halogen

A

F, Cl, Br, I

21
Q
  • Only one oxygen
  • Has an O-H group
22
Q

Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?

A

They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules

23
Q
  • Only one oxygen
  • Has an O-H group
  • The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene ring
24
Q

The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it?

25
- Only one oxygen - Has a C=O group - C=O group is at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom
aldehydes
26
Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form …?
Carboxylic acids
27
Aldehydes can be found in
food
28
the major component of cinnamon bark, is a common flavoring agent
cinnamaldehyde
29
is the primary component of the extract of vanilla bean
vanillin
30
lemony odor characteristic of lemon grass
citral
31
gives the distinctive lemon odor to citronella candles, commonly used to repel mosquitoes
citronellal
32
examples of aldehydes in food
cinnamaldehyde, vanillin, citral, citronellal
33
- Only one oxygen - Has a C=O group - C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons
ketones
34
Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.
35
- Has 2 oxygens - Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom - This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain
carboxylic acids
36
Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can a act as a (weak) acid.
CH3COOH(aq) ---> CH3COO–(aq) + H+(aq) <---
37
examples of carboxylic acids
formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, para-Amenobenzoic acid (PABA)
38
- Has 2 oxygens - One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons
esters
39
This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.
Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate
40
example of esters
methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen), ethyl butyrate (essence of pineapple), isobutyl propionate (essence of rum)
41
- Has 1 oxygen - No O-H or C=O group - The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms
ethers
42
Why do ethers have much lower boiling points t than their isomeric alcohols?
No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules
43
found in natural products and can have unique biological activities
ethers
44
are organic derivatives of ammonia
amines
45
They are classified according to how many alkyl groups replace the hydrogens of ammonia
amines
46
- Has 1 oxygen - C=O group - Contains a nitrogen
amide
47

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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