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Biochemistry > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

A specific structural arrangement of atoms or bonds that imparts a characteristic reactivity to the molecule.

A

Functional Groups

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2
Q

are collections of atoms that attach the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule and confer specific properties

A

Functional Groups

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3
Q

Functional groups in biological molecules play an important role in

A

the formation of molecules like DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

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4
Q

Functional groups include:

A

hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

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5
Q
  • Only carbon and hydrogen
  • All single bonds
A

alkanes

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6
Q

What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds?

A

Cycloalkanes

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7
Q

source of alkanes

A

natural gas, petroleum, coal

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8
Q

is a mixture of hydrocarbons and each hydrocarbon has a different boiling point

A

crude oil

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9
Q

functional group prefixes in order

A

meth
eth
prop
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non
dec

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10
Q
  • Only carbon and hydrogen
  • A carbon to carbon double bond
A

alkenes

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11
Q

What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?

A

A diene

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12
Q

is used in welding torches because it burns at high temperature

A

ethyne (acetylene)

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13
Q

examples of alkynes

A

capillin, dactylyne, ethinyl estradiol

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14
Q

is an antifungal agent found naturally

A

capillin

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15
Q

is a marine natural product

A

dactylyne

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16
Q

is a synthetic estrogen used in oral contraceptives

A

Ethinyl estradiol

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17
Q

is the simplest alkyne

A

acytelene

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18
Q

can be isolated from South American frogs and is used on poison tipped arrows by South American tribes

A

histrionicotoxin

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19
Q

a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces the hydrogen of an alkane

A

Alkyl Halides

20
Q

halogen

A

F, Cl, Br, I

21
Q
  • Only one oxygen
  • Has an O-H group
A

alcohols

22
Q

Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?

A

They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules

23
Q
  • Only one oxygen
  • Has an O-H group
  • The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene ring
A

phenols

24
Q

The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it?

A

phenyl

25
Q
  • Only one oxygen
  • Has a C=O group
  • C=O group is at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom
A

aldehydes

26
Q

Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form …?

A

Carboxylic acids

27
Q

Aldehydes can be found in

A

food

28
Q

the major component of cinnamon bark, is a common flavoring agent

A

cinnamaldehyde

29
Q

is the primary component of the extract of vanilla bean

A

vanillin

30
Q

lemony odor characteristic of lemon grass

A

citral

31
Q

gives the distinctive lemon odor to citronella candles, commonly used to repel mosquitoes

A

citronellal

32
Q

examples of aldehydes in food

A

cinnamaldehyde, vanillin, citral, citronellal

33
Q
  • Only one oxygen
  • Has a C=O group
  • C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons
A

ketones

34
Q

Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?

A

No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.

35
Q
  • Has 2 oxygens
  • Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom
  • This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain
A

carboxylic acids

36
Q

Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can a act as a (weak) acid.

A

CH3COOH(aq) —> CH3COO–(aq) + H+(aq)
<—

37
Q

examples of carboxylic acids

A

formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, para-Amenobenzoic acid (PABA)

38
Q
  • Has 2 oxygens
  • One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons
A

esters

39
Q

This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.

A

Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate

40
Q

example of esters

A

methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen), ethyl butyrate (essence of pineapple), isobutyl propionate (essence of rum)

41
Q
  • Has 1 oxygen
  • No O-H or C=O group
  • The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms
A

ethers

42
Q

Why do ethers have much lower boiling points t than their isomeric alcohols?

A

No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules

43
Q

found in natural products and can have unique biological activities

A

ethers

44
Q

are organic derivatives of ammonia

A

amines

45
Q

They are classified according to how many alkyl groups replace the hydrogens of ammonia

A

amines

46
Q
  • Has 1 oxygen
  • C=O group
  • Contains a nitrogen
A

amide

47
Q
A

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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