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Biochemistry > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

branch of science concerned with the chemical and physico-chemical processes which occur within living organisms

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

study of the chemistry of life processes.

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level.

A

Biochemistry

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4
Q

Why study Biochemistry

A
  • Lead us to a fundamental understanding of life.
  • Profound impact on our understanding of medicine, health, nutrition, and the environment.
  • Biotechnology
  • Living processes contains thousands of chemical rxns. Precise regulation and integration of these rxns are required to maintain life
  • Certain important rxns E.g. Glycolysis is found in almost all organisms.
  • All organisms use the same type of molecules: CHO, proteins, lipids & nucleic acids.
  • Instructions for growth, reproduction and developments for each organism is encoded in their DNA
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5
Q
  • Basic building blocks of life
  • Smallest living unit of an organism
  • Grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond
    to their environment
  • Many cannot be seen with the naked eye
A

Cells

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6
Q

Basic Cell Structures

A

Nucleus, Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm

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7
Q

outer boundary control center

A

Membrane

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8
Q

stuff between membrane & nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Cells within the same organism show Enormous Diversity in:

A

–Size
–Shape
–Internal Organization

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10
Q

largest cell in the human body; seen without the aid of a microscope

A

female egg

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11
Q

Cells are small for 2 Reasons

A
  • Limited in size by the RATIO between their Outer Surface Area and Their Volume.
    A small cell has more SURFACE AREA than a large cell for a GIVEN VOLUME OF CYTOPLASM
  • THE CELL’S NUCLEUS (THE BRAIN) CAN ONLY CONTROL A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF LIVING, ACTIVE CYTOPLASM.
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12
Q

Diversity of form reflects a diversity of function.

A

Cell Shape

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13
Q

the shape of a cell depends on its

A

function

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14
Q

Two Basic Cell Types

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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15
Q

lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes.

A

Prokaryotic

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16
Q

Has a cell membrane & a cell wall

A

Prokaryotic

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17
Q

Has NO nucleus.

A

Prokaryotic

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18
Q

Usually Unicellular organisms

A

Prokaryotic

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19
Q

example of prokaryotes

A

bacteria, archaea

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20
Q

contains internal membrane bound structures

A

Eukaryotic

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21
Q

–Has a nucleus has a cell membrane
–Usually multicellular organisms

A

Eukaryotic

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22
Q

examples of eukaryotes

A

Plants, animals, and protists

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23
Q

The boundary of the cell.

A

Plasma membrane

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24
Q

Plasma membrane is composed of three distinct layers

A

Two layers of fat and one layer of protein

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25
Q

Brain of Cell

A

Nucleus

26
Q

Bordered by a porous membrane

A

nuclear envelope

27
Q

Contains thin fibers of DNA and protein called

A

chromatid

28
Q

produces ribosomal RNA which makes ribosomes.

A

nucleolus

29
Q

Small non-membrane bound organelles

A

Ribosomes

30
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

Ribosomes contain two subunits

A

small subunit and large subunit

32
Q

Protein factory of the cell

A

Ribosomes

33
Q

Ribosomes are either

A

free floating or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

34
Q

Complex network of transport channels.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

35
Q

ribosome free and functions in poison detoxification

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

36
Q

contains ribosomes and releases newly made protein from the cell

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

37
Q

A series of flattened sacs that modifies, packages, stores, and transports materials out of the cell.

A

Golgi Apparatus

38
Q

Works with the ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum.

A

Golgi Apparatus

39
Q

Recycling Center

A

Lysosomes

40
Q

Recycle cellular debris

A

Lysosomes

41
Q

Membrane bound organelle containing a variety of enzymes

A

Lysosomes

42
Q

internal pH of lysosomes is

A

5

43
Q

Help digest food particles inside or out side the cell.

A

Lysosomes

44
Q

Found only in animal cells

A

centrioles

45
Q

Paired organelles found together near the nucleus, at right angles to each other.

A

Centrioles

46
Q

Role in building cilia and flagella

A

Centrioles

47
Q

Play a role in cellular reproduction

A

Centrioles

48
Q

Framework of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

49
Q

Contains small microfilaments and larger microtubules.

A

Cytoskeleton

50
Q

They support the cell, giving it its shape and help with the movement of its organelles.

A

Cytoskeleton

51
Q
  • Double Membranous
  • It’s the size of a bacterium
  • Contains its own DNA; mDNA
A

Mitochondrion

52
Q

Produces high energy compound ATP

A

Mitochondrion

53
Q

Chloroplast center section contains

A

grana

54
Q

make up the grana

A

thylakoid

55
Q

gel-like material surrounding grana

A

stroma

56
Q

Found in plants and algae.

A

Chloroplast

57
Q

Sacs that help in food digestion or helping the cell maintain its water balance.

A

Vacuole

58
Q

Extra structure surrounding its plasma membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.

A

Cell Wall

59
Q

cell wall of plants

A

Cellulose

60
Q

cell wall of fungi

A

chitin

61
Q

cell wall of bacteria

A

peptidoglycan

62
Q
A

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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