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Biochemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

is the biological medium on Earth

A

Water

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2
Q

Most cells are surrounded by water, and cells themselves are about

A

70–95% water

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3
Q

The water molecule is a

A

polar molecule

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4
Q

the opposite ends have opposite charges

A

polar molecule

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5
Q

allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other

A

Polarity

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6
Q

Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in

A

hydrogen bonding

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7
Q

Four of water’s properties that facilitate an
environment for life are

A

– Cohesive/adhesive behavior
– Ability to moderate temperature
– Expansion upon freezing
– Versatility as a solvent

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8
Q

Collectively, hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together, a phenomenon called

A

cohesion

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9
Q

helps the transport of water against gravity in plants

A

cohesion

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10
Q

is an attraction between different substances, for example, between water and plant cell walls

A

adhesion

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11
Q

different molecules attract each other

A

adhesion

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12
Q

like molecules attract each other

A

cohesion

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13
Q

is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

A

Surface tension

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14
Q

is related to cohesion

A

Surface tension

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15
Q

can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature

A

water

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16
Q

is the energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

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17
Q

is a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion

A

Heat

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18
Q

measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules

A

Temperature

19
Q

The Solvent of Life

A

water

20
Q

is a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances

A

solution

21
Q

is the dissolving agent of a solution

A

solvent

22
Q

is the substance that is dissolved

A

solute

23
Q

is one in which water is the solvent

A

aqueous solution

24
Q

Water is a versatile solvent due to its ________, which allows it to form hydrogen bonds easily

A

polarity

25
Q

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules called a

A

hydration shell

26
Q

is one that has an affinity for water

A

hydrophilic substance

27
Q

is one that does not have an affinity for water

A

hydrophobic substance

28
Q

are hydrophobic because they have relatively nonpolar bonds

A

Oil molecules

29
Q

is a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid

A

colloid

30
Q

The hydrogen atom leaves its electron behind and is transferred as a proton

A

hydrogen ion (H+)

31
Q

The molecule that lost the proton is now a

A

hydroxide ion (OH–)

32
Q

The molecule with the extra proton is now a

A

hydronium ion (H3O+)

33
Q

Concentrations of H+ and OH– are _________ in pure water

A

equal

34
Q

Adding certain solutes, called _______________, modifies the
concentrations of H+ and OH

A

acids and bases

35
Q

Biologists use something called the ______________ to describe whether a solution is acidic or basic (the opposite of acidic)

A

pH scale

36
Q

is any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

A

acid

37
Q

is any substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution

A

base

38
Q
  • Devised by Sorenson (1902)
  • [H+] can range from 1M and 1 X 10-14M
  • using a log scale simplifies notation
A

pH Scale

39
Q

pH =

A

-log [H+]

40
Q

Neutral pH =

A

7.0

41
Q

The internal pH of most living cells must remain

A

close to pH 7

42
Q

are substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH– in a solution

A

Buffers

43
Q

A buffered system consist of a

A

weak acid and its conjugate base

44
Q
A

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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