FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, ISOMERISM, CONCEPTS OF ACIDS AND BASES, INTRODUCTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

A ______________ is a specific group of atoms or
bonds within a compound that is responsible for the
characteristic chemical reactions of that compound.

A

FUNCTIONAL GROUP

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2
Q

ethane is an example of functional group ______

A

alkane

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3
Q

acetylene is is an example of functional group _______

A

alkene

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4
Q

CH4 belongs to what functional group

A

alkane

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5
Q

it is the second most important constituent of natural gas.

A

ethane

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6
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are compounds that have the same
molecular formula (same numbers and kinds of
atoms) but differ in the way the atoms are arranged
A

Isomers

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7
Q

These are isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms, that is, in the order which atoms are attached to each other within molecules

A

constitutional isomerism

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8
Q

constitutional isomerism is also called as _________

A

structural isomerism

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9
Q

These are isomers that have the same molecular
and structural formula, but different orientations of
atoms in space

A

stereoisomerism

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10
Q

A _____________ is the specific three-dimensional
arrangement of atoms in an organic molecule at a
given instant that results from rotations about
carbon-carbon single bonds

A

conformation

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11
Q

________________ is a conformation in which the hydrogen atoms are connected to 2 carbon areas closest to each other possible

A

Eclipse Conformation

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12
Q

_________________ is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety abcX–Ydef in which the substituents a, b, and c are at the maximum distance from d, e, and f. This requires the torsion angles to be 60°.

A

staggered conformation

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13
Q

Geometric isomers are also called as

A

cis-trans isomer or diastereomer

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14
Q

“Cis-” means on the __________

A

same side

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15
Q

“Trans-” means _________

A

across from

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16
Q

_____________is one type of stereoisomerism: when two objects are mirror images of each other and cannot be
superimposed,

A

Optical isomerism

17
Q

Optical isomerism is also called as

A

enantiomers

18
Q

the mirror image of a ball is identical with the object itself. the object shows is ___________

19
Q

the mirror image of a left hand is not a left hand, but a right hand. the object shown is a __________

A

chiral object

20
Q

An organic molecule is chiral if it contains a carbon atom that is bonded to ______ different groups

21
Q

_________________ is the study of hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen) and their derivatives

A

Organic chemistry

22
Q

_________________ is the study of all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives

A

Inorganic chemistry

23
Q

name the two types of compounds

A

organic compound

inorganic compound

24
Q

Carbon atoms in organic compounds, in accordance with the octet rule, always form _______________

A

four covalent bonds

25
CARBON CAN MEET THIS FOUR-BOND | REQUIREMENT IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS:
- By bonding to four other atoms. - By bonding to three other atoms. This situation requires the presence of two single bonds and one double bond. - By bonding to two other atoms. This situation requires the presence of either two double bonds or a triple bond and a single bond.
26
It is a compound that contains only carbon atoms | and hydrogen atoms
hydrocarbons
27
_____________is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and one or more additional elements
hydrocarbon derivatives
28
name the possible additional element in a hydrocarbon derivative
``` sulfur oxygen nitrogen phosphorus fluorine chlorine bromine ```
29
is a hydrocarbon in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds; simplest type of organic compound
Saturated Hydrocarbon
30
is a hydrocarbon in which one or more carbon–carbon multiple bonds (double bonds, triple bonds, or both) are present
unsaturated hydrcarbon
31
TWO CATEGORIES OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
1. ACYCLIC carbon atom arrangements (not cyclic) | 2. CYCLIC carbon atom arrangements