FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, ISOMERISM, CONCEPTS OF ACIDS AND BASES, INTRODUCTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Flashcards
A ______________ is a specific group of atoms or
bonds within a compound that is responsible for the
characteristic chemical reactions of that compound.
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
ethane is an example of functional group ______
alkane
acetylene is is an example of functional group _______
alkene
CH4 belongs to what functional group
alkane
it is the second most important constituent of natural gas.
ethane
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are compounds that have the same molecular formula (same numbers and kinds of atoms) but differ in the way the atoms are arranged
Isomers
These are isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms, that is, in the order which atoms are attached to each other within molecules
constitutional isomerism
constitutional isomerism is also called as _________
structural isomerism
These are isomers that have the same molecular
and structural formula, but different orientations of
atoms in space
stereoisomerism
A _____________ is the specific three-dimensional
arrangement of atoms in an organic molecule at a
given instant that results from rotations about
carbon-carbon single bonds
conformation
________________ is a conformation in which the hydrogen atoms are connected to 2 carbon areas closest to each other possible
Eclipse Conformation
_________________ is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety abcXâYdef in which the substituents a, b, and c are at the maximum distance from d, e, and f. This requires the torsion angles to be 60°.
staggered conformation
Geometric isomers are also called as
cis-trans isomer or diastereomer
âCis-â means on the __________
same side
âTrans-â means _________
across from
_____________is one type of stereoisomerism: when two objects are mirror images of each other and cannot be
superimposed,
Optical isomerism
Optical isomerism is also called as
enantiomers
the mirror image of a ball is identical with the object itself. the object shows is ___________
achiral
the mirror image of a left hand is not a left hand, but a right hand. the object shown is a __________
chiral object
An organic molecule is chiral if it contains a carbon atom that is bonded to ______ different groups
four
_________________ is the study of hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen) and their derivatives
Organic chemistry
_________________ is the study of all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives
Inorganic chemistry
name the two types of compounds
organic compound
inorganic compound
Carbon atoms in organic compounds, in accordance with the octet rule, always form _______________
four covalent bonds
CARBON CAN MEET THIS FOUR-BOND
REQUIREMENT IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS:
- By bonding to four other atoms.
- By bonding to three other atoms. This situation requires the presence of two single bonds and one double bond.
- By bonding to two other atoms. This situation requires the presence of either two double bonds or a triple bond and a single bond.
It is a compound that contains only carbon atoms
and hydrogen atoms
hydrocarbons
_____________is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and one or more additional elements
hydrocarbon derivatives
name the possible additional element in a hydrocarbon derivative
sulfur oxygen nitrogen phosphorus fluorine chlorine bromine
is a hydrocarbon in which all carbonâcarbon bonds are single bonds; simplest type of organic compound
Saturated Hydrocarbon
is a hydrocarbon in which one or more carbonâcarbon multiple bonds (double bonds, triple bonds, or both) are present
unsaturated hydrcarbon
TWO CATEGORIES OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
- ACYCLIC carbon atom arrangements (not cyclic)
2. CYCLIC carbon atom arrangements
