FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, ISOMERISM, CONCEPTS OF ACIDS AND BASES, INTRODUCTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Question 1

A ______________ is a specific group of atoms or
bonds within a compound that is responsible for the
characteristic chemical reactions of that compound.

Answer 1

FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Question 2

ethane is an example of functional group ______

Answer 2

alkane

Question 3

acetylene is is an example of functional group _______

Answer 3

alkene

Question 4

CH4 belongs to what functional group

Answer 4

alkane

Question 5

it is the second most important constituent of natural gas.

Answer 5

ethane

Question 6

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are compounds that have the same
molecular formula (same numbers and kinds of
atoms) but differ in the way the atoms are arranged

Answer 6

Isomers

Question 7

These are isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms, that is, in the order which atoms are attached to each other within molecules

Answer 7

constitutional isomerism

Question 8

constitutional isomerism is also called as _________

Answer 8

structural isomerism

Question 9

These are isomers that have the same molecular
and structural formula, but different orientations of
atoms in space

Answer 9

stereoisomerism

Question 10

A _____________ is the specific three-dimensional
arrangement of atoms in an organic molecule at a
given instant that results from rotations about
carbon-carbon single bonds

Answer 10

conformation

Question 11

________________ is a conformation in which the hydrogen atoms are connected to 2 carbon areas closest to each other possible

Answer 11

Eclipse Conformation

Question 12

_________________ is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety abcX–Ydef in which the substituents a, b, and c are at the maximum distance from d, e, and f. This requires the torsion angles to be 60°.

Answer 12

staggered conformation

Question 13

Geometric isomers are also called as

Answer 13

cis-trans isomer or diastereomer

Question 14

“Cis-” means on the __________

Answer 14

same side

Question 15

“Trans-” means _________

Answer 15

across from

Question 16

_____________is one type of stereoisomerism: when two objects are mirror images of each other and cannot be
superimposed,

Answer 16

Optical isomerism

Question 17

Optical isomerism is also called as

Answer 17

enantiomers

Question 18

the mirror image of a ball is identical with the object itself. the object shows is ___________

Answer 18

achiral

Question 19

the mirror image of a left hand is not a left hand, but a right hand. the object shown is a __________

Answer 19

chiral object

Question 20

An organic molecule is chiral if it contains a carbon atom that is bonded to ______ different groups

Answer 20

four

Question 21

_________________ is the study of hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen) and their derivatives

Answer 21

Organic chemistry

Question 22

_________________ is the study of all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives

Answer 22

Inorganic chemistry

Question 23

name the two types of compounds

Answer 23

organic compound

inorganic compound

Question 24

Carbon atoms in organic compounds, in accordance with the octet rule, always form _______________

Answer 24

four covalent bonds

Question 25

CARBON CAN MEET THIS FOUR-BOND

REQUIREMENT IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS:

Answer 25

• By bonding to four other atoms.
• By bonding to three other atoms. This situation requires the presence of two single bonds and one double bond.
• By bonding to two other atoms. This situation requires the presence of either two double bonds or a triple bond and a single bond.

Question 26

It is a compound that contains only carbon atoms

and hydrogen atoms

Answer 26

hydrocarbons

Question 27

_____________is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and one or more additional elements

Answer 27

hydrocarbon derivatives

Question 28

name the possible additional element in a hydrocarbon derivative

Answer 28

sulfur
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
fluorine
chlorine
bromine

Question 29

is a hydrocarbon in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds; simplest type of organic compound

Answer 29

Saturated Hydrocarbon

Question 30

is a hydrocarbon in which one or more carbon–carbon multiple bonds (double bonds, triple bonds, or both) are present

Answer 30

unsaturated hydrcarbon

Question 31

TWO CATEGORIES OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS

Answer 31

1. ACYCLIC carbon atom arrangements (not cyclic)

2. CYCLIC carbon atom arrangements