Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols Flashcards
An alcohol is an organic compound in which an ___________ is bonded to a saturated carbon atom.
âOH group
A saturated carbon atom is a carbon atom that is bonded to how many other atoms
four
The âOH group, the functional group that is characteristic of an alcohol, is called a __________
hydroxyl group
2 types of naming alcohol,
(1) common name
(2) IUPAC name
in naming alcohols that contain a single hydroxyl group, the chain name is obtained by dropping the final -e from the alkane name and adding the suffix _______
-ol
these are the alcohols that possess more than one hydroxyl group
polyhydroxy alcohols
An alcohol in which two hydroxyl groups are present is named as a ______
diol
alcohols containing three hydroxyl groups is named as a ______, and so on.
triol
3 commonly encountered monohydroxy alcohols
methyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol
2 commonly encountered diols
propylene glycol
ethylene glycol
commonly encountered triol
glycerine (glycerol)
it is an alcohol with one carbon atom and one âOH group, and is the simplest alcohol.
methyl alcohol
an alcohol where fires are easier to put out than gasoline fires because water mixes with and dilutes with it.
methyl alcohol
an alcohol that has excellent solvent properties, and it is the solvent of choice for paints, shellacs, and varnishes
methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol is sometimes called _____________, terminology that draws attention to an early method for its preparationâthe heating of wood to a high temperature in the absence of air.
wood alcohol
Drinking methyl alcohol is __________.
very dangerous
Within the human body, methyl alcohol is oxidized by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to the toxic metabolites _________ and __________.
formaldehyde and formic acid
Formaldehyde can cause __________ (temporary or permanent).
blindness
___________ causes acidosis
Formic acid
it is the two-carbon monohydroxy alcohol
ethyl alcohol
the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages and is commonly referred to simply as alcohol or drinking alcohol.
ethyl alcohol
__________, the first oxidation product, is largely responsible for the symptoms of ____________.
Acetaldehyde; hangover
Ethyl alcohol oxidation products are _________ than those of methyl alcohol
less toxic
Long-term excessive use of ethyl alcohol may cause undesirable effects such as ____________, __________, ___________.
cirrhosis of the liver, loss of memory, and strong physiological addiction
Links have also been established between certain birth defects and the ingestion of ethyl alcohol by women during pregnancy ________________.
fetal alcohol syndrome
Ethyl alcohol can be produced by _______________________ found in plant extracts
yeast fermentation of sugars
The synthesis of ethyl alcohol in this manner, from grains such as corn, rice, and barley, is the reason why ethyl alcohol is often called ________________.
grain alcohol
______________ is ethyl alcohol that has been rendered unfit to drink by the addition of small amounts of toxic substances
Denatured alcohol
Almost all of the ethyl alcohol used for ____________ is denatured alcohol.
industrial purposes
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in beer
3.2-9%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in scope (mouth wash)
18%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in nyquil
25%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in almond extract
50%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in vicks 44
10%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in wine (unfortified)
12%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in brandy
40-45%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in whiskey
45-55%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in rum
45%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in vanilla extract
35%
volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in colgate
17%
A 70% isopropyl alcoholâ30% water solution is marketed as _______
rubbing alcohol
Isopropyl alcoholâs rapid evaporation rate creates a ______________ when it is applied to the skin, hence its use for alcohol rubs to combat high body temperature.
dramatic cooling effect
Isopropyl alcohol has a ______ taste.
bitter
Its toxicity is ________ that of ethyl alcohol, but it causes few fatalities because it often induces vomiting and thus doesnât stay down long enough to be fatal
twice
Large amounts (about 150 mL) of ingested isopropyl alcohol can be fatal; death occurs from paralysis of the ______________
central nervous system
what is the IUPAC name for ethylene glycol
1,2-Ethanediol
IUPAC name for propylene glycol
1,2-propanediol
_____________ and ___________are the two simplest alcohols possessing two âOH groups.
Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol
A ________ is a diol in which the two âOH groups are on adjacent carbon atoms.
glycol
Both of these alcohols are colorless, odorless, high-boiling liquids that are completely miscible with water.
propylene and ethylene alcohol
