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CHEM > Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols > Flashcards

Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols Flashcards

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1
Q

An alcohol is an organic compound in which an ___________ is bonded to a saturated carbon atom.

A

—OH group

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2
Q

A saturated carbon atom is a carbon atom that is bonded to how many other atoms

A

four

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3
Q

The —OH group, the functional group that is characteristic of an alcohol, is called a __________

A

hydroxyl group

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4
Q

2 types of naming alcohol,

A

(1) common name

(2) IUPAC name

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5
Q

in naming alcohols that contain a single hydroxyl group, the chain name is obtained by dropping the final -e from the alkane name and adding the suffix _______

A

-ol

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6
Q

these are the alcohols that possess more than one hydroxyl group

A

polyhydroxy alcohols

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7
Q

An alcohol in which two hydroxyl groups are present is named as a ______

A

diol

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8
Q

alcohols containing three hydroxyl groups is named as a ______, and so on.

A

triol

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9
Q

3 commonly encountered monohydroxy alcohols

A

methyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol

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10
Q

2 commonly encountered diols

A

propylene glycol

ethylene glycol

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11
Q

commonly encountered triol

A

glycerine (glycerol)

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12
Q

it is an alcohol with one carbon atom and one —OH group, and is the simplest alcohol.

A

methyl alcohol

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13
Q

an alcohol where fires are easier to put out than gasoline fires because water mixes with and dilutes with it.

A

methyl alcohol

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14
Q

an alcohol that has excellent solvent properties, and it is the solvent of choice for paints, shellacs, and varnishes

A

methyl alcohol

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15
Q

Methyl alcohol is sometimes called _____________, terminology that draws attention to an early method for its preparation—the heating of wood to a high temperature in the absence of air.

A

wood alcohol

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16
Q

Drinking methyl alcohol is __________.

A

very dangerous

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17
Q

Within the human body, methyl alcohol is oxidized by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to the toxic metabolites _________ and __________.

A

formaldehyde and formic acid

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18
Q

Formaldehyde can cause __________ (temporary or permanent).

A

blindness

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19
Q

___________ causes acidosis

A

Formic acid

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20
Q

it is the two-carbon monohydroxy alcohol

A

ethyl alcohol

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21
Q

the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages and is commonly referred to simply as alcohol or drinking alcohol.

A

ethyl alcohol

22
Q

__________, the first oxidation product, is largely responsible for the symptoms of ____________.

A

Acetaldehyde; hangover

23
Q

Ethyl alcohol oxidation products are _________ than those of methyl alcohol

A

less toxic

24
Q

Long-term excessive use of ethyl alcohol may cause undesirable effects such as ____________, __________, ___________.

A

cirrhosis of the liver, loss of memory, and strong physiological addiction

25
Q

Links have also been established between certain birth defects and the ingestion of ethyl alcohol by women during pregnancy ________________.

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

26
Q

Ethyl alcohol can be produced by _______________________ found in plant extracts

A

yeast fermentation of sugars

27
Q

The synthesis of ethyl alcohol in this manner, from grains such as corn, rice, and barley, is the reason why ethyl alcohol is often called ________________.

A

grain alcohol

28
Q

______________ is ethyl alcohol that has been rendered unfit to drink by the addition of small amounts of toxic substances

A

Denatured alcohol

29
Q

Almost all of the ethyl alcohol used for ____________ is denatured alcohol.

A

industrial purposes

30
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in beer

A

3.2-9%

31
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in scope (mouth wash)

A

18%

32
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in nyquil

A

25%

33
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in almond extract

A

50%

34
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in vicks 44

A

10%

35
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in wine (unfortified)

A

12%

36
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in brandy

A

40-45%

37
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in whiskey

A

45-55%

38
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in rum

A

45%

39
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in vanilla extract

A

35%

40
Q

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in colgate

A

17%

41
Q

A 70% isopropyl alcohol–30% water solution is marketed as _______

A

rubbing alcohol

42
Q

Isopropyl alcohol’s rapid evaporation rate creates a ______________ when it is applied to the skin, hence its use for alcohol rubs to combat high body temperature.

A

dramatic cooling effect

43
Q

Isopropyl alcohol has a ______ taste.

A

bitter

44
Q

Its toxicity is ________ that of ethyl alcohol, but it causes few fatalities because it often induces vomiting and thus doesn’t stay down long enough to be fatal

A

twice

45
Q

Large amounts (about 150 mL) of ingested isopropyl alcohol can be fatal; death occurs from paralysis of the ______________

A

central nervous system

46
Q

what is the IUPAC name for ethylene glycol

A

1,2-Ethanediol

47
Q

IUPAC name for propylene glycol

A

1,2-propanediol

48
Q

_____________ and ___________are the two simplest alcohols possessing two —OH groups.

A

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol

49
Q

A ________ is a diol in which the two —OH groups are on adjacent carbon atoms.

A

glycol

50
Q

Both of these alcohols are colorless, odorless, high-boiling liquids that are completely miscible with water.

A

propylene and ethylene alcohol

CHEM (8 decks)

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