Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols

Question 1

An alcohol is an organic compound in which an ___________ is bonded to a saturated carbon atom.

Answer 1

—OH group

Question 2

A saturated carbon atom is a carbon atom that is bonded to how many other atoms

Answer 2

four

Question 3

The —OH group, the functional group that is characteristic of an alcohol, is called a __________

Answer 3

hydroxyl group

Question 4

2 types of naming alcohol,

Answer 4

(1) common name

(2) IUPAC name

Question 5

in naming alcohols that contain a single hydroxyl group, the chain name is obtained by dropping the final -e from the alkane name and adding the suffix _______

Answer 5

-ol

Question 6

these are the alcohols that possess more than one hydroxyl group

Answer 6

polyhydroxy alcohols

Question 7

An alcohol in which two hydroxyl groups are present is named as a ______

Answer 7

diol

Question 8

alcohols containing three hydroxyl groups is named as a ______, and so on.

Answer 8

triol

Question 9

3 commonly encountered monohydroxy alcohols

Answer 9

methyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol

Question 10

2 commonly encountered diols

Answer 10

propylene glycol

ethylene glycol

Question 11

commonly encountered triol

Answer 11

glycerine (glycerol)

Question 12

it is an alcohol with one carbon atom and one —OH group, and is the simplest alcohol.

Answer 12

methyl alcohol

Question 13

an alcohol where fires are easier to put out than gasoline fires because water mixes with and dilutes with it.

Answer 13

methyl alcohol

Question 14

an alcohol that has excellent solvent properties, and it is the solvent of choice for paints, shellacs, and varnishes

Answer 14

methyl alcohol

Question 15

Methyl alcohol is sometimes called _____________, terminology that draws attention to an early method for its preparation—the heating of wood to a high temperature in the absence of air.

Answer 15

wood alcohol

Question 16

Drinking methyl alcohol is __________.

Answer 16

very dangerous

Question 17

Within the human body, methyl alcohol is oxidized by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to the toxic metabolites _________ and __________.

Answer 17

formaldehyde and formic acid

Question 18

Formaldehyde can cause __________ (temporary or permanent).

Answer 18

blindness

Question 19

___________ causes acidosis

Answer 19

Formic acid

Question 20

it is the two-carbon monohydroxy alcohol

Answer 20

ethyl alcohol

Question 21

the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages and is commonly referred to simply as alcohol or drinking alcohol.

Answer 21

ethyl alcohol

Question 22

__________, the first oxidation product, is largely responsible for the symptoms of ____________.

Answer 22

Acetaldehyde; hangover

Question 23

Ethyl alcohol oxidation products are _________ than those of methyl alcohol

Answer 23

less toxic

Question 24

Long-term excessive use of ethyl alcohol may cause undesirable effects such as ____________, __________, ___________.

Answer 24

cirrhosis of the liver, loss of memory, and strong physiological addiction

Question 25

Links have also been established between certain birth defects and the ingestion of ethyl alcohol by women during pregnancy ________________.

Answer 25

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 26

Ethyl alcohol can be produced by _______________________ found in plant extracts

Answer 26

yeast fermentation of sugars

Question 27

The synthesis of ethyl alcohol in this manner, from grains such as corn, rice, and barley, is the reason why ethyl alcohol is often called ________________.

Answer 27

grain alcohol

Question 28

______________ is ethyl alcohol that has been rendered unfit to drink by the addition of small amounts of toxic substances

Answer 28

Denatured alcohol

Question 29

Almost all of the ethyl alcohol used for ____________ is denatured alcohol.

Answer 29

industrial purposes

Question 30

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in beer

Answer 30

3.2-9%

Question 31

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in scope (mouth wash)

Answer 31

18%

Question 32

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in nyquil

Answer 32

25%

Question 33

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in almond extract

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in vicks 44

Answer 34

10%

Question 35

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in wine (unfortified)

Answer 35

12%

Question 36

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in brandy

Answer 36

40-45%

Question 37

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in whiskey

Answer 37

45-55%

Question 38

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in rum

Answer 38

45%

Question 39

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in vanilla extract

Answer 39

35%

Question 40

volume percent of ethyl alcohol present in colgate

Answer 40

17%

Question 41

A 70% isopropyl alcohol–30% water solution is marketed as _______

Answer 41

rubbing alcohol

Question 42

Isopropyl alcohol’s rapid evaporation rate creates a ______________ when it is applied to the skin, hence its use for alcohol rubs to combat high body temperature.

Answer 42

dramatic cooling effect

Question 43

Isopropyl alcohol has a ______ taste.

Answer 43

bitter

Question 44

Its toxicity is ________ that of ethyl alcohol, but it causes few fatalities because it often induces vomiting and thus doesn’t stay down long enough to be fatal

Answer 44

twice

Question 45

Large amounts (about 150 mL) of ingested isopropyl alcohol can be fatal; death occurs from paralysis of the ______________

Answer 45

central nervous system

Question 46

what is the IUPAC name for ethylene glycol

Answer 46

1,2-Ethanediol

Question 47

IUPAC name for propylene glycol

Answer 47

1,2-propanediol

Question 48

_____________ and ___________are the two simplest alcohols possessing two —OH groups.

Answer 48

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol

Question 49

A ________ is a diol in which the two —OH groups are on adjacent carbon atoms.

Answer 49

glycol

Question 50

Both of these alcohols are colorless, odorless, high-boiling liquids that are completely miscible with water.

Answer 50

propylene and ethylene alcohol