CARBOXYLIC ACID Flashcards
A ______________ is an organic compound whose functional group is the carboxyl group.
carboxylic acid
A ____________ is a carbonyl group (CO) with a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom.
carboxyl group
A carboxyl group is a ____________group (CO) with a ______________group (—OH) bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom.
carbonyl; hydroxyl
Abbreviated linear designations for
the carboxyl group are:
-COOH and-CO2H
The simplest carboxylic acid has a ___________ atom attached to the carboxyl group carbon atom.
hydrogen
Structures for the next two simplest carboxylic acids, those with ________ AND ________________.
methyl and ethyl alkyl groups.
The structure of the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid involves a ___________ to which a carboxyl group is attached.
benzene ring
_____________________ is an organic compound that can be synthesized from or converted into a carboxylic acid.
CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Four important families of carboxylic acid derivatives are: _________, ____, __________, _________
Esters,
Acid chlorides,
Acid Anhydrides, and
Amides.
A _________________ is a carboxylic acid in which one carboxyl group is present.
monocarboxylic acid
Rule 2: Name the parent chain by changing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane to _________
-oic acid.
____________________ is a carboxylic acid that contains two carboxyl groups, one at each end of a carbon chain.
DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS
The simplest aromatic carboxylic acid is called _____________.
benzoic acid
COMMON NAMES FOR CARBOXYLIC ACID
I. MONO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
II. DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS
III. POLYFUNCTIONAL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
SIX (6) COMMON NAMES FOR MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS
FORMIC ACID ACETIC ACID BUTYRIC ACID PROPIONIC ACID VALERIC ACID CAPROIC ACID
It is the stinging sensation associated with red ant bites.
FORMIC ACID
__________ contains small amount of acetic acid.
VINEGAR
It is the “most” widely used of all carboxylic acids.
ACETIC ACID
______________ is the smallest acid that can be obtained from fats.
PROPIONIC ACID
__________ is a component of a rancid butter.
BUTYRIC ACID
_______________ found in valerian foot, it has a strong odor.
VALERIC ACID
______________ skin secretions of goat.
CAPROIC ACID
common names of the first six simpest dicarboxylic acid
OXALIC ACID MALONIC ACID SUCCINIC ACID GLUTARIC ACID ACIPIC ACID PIMELIC ACID
___________ it is the simplest carboxylic acid, found in plants
OXALIC ACID
__________ and ___________ Play important roles in biochemical reactions that occur in the human body.
Succinic and Glutaric acid
___________________ is a carboxylic acid that contains one or more additional functional groups besides one or more carboxyl groups.
POLYFUNCTIONAL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Three commonly encountered types of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are:
Unsaturated acids
Hydroxy acids
Keto acids
polyfunctional carboxylic acids under unsaturated acids
propenoic acid
and two isomers:
FUMARIC ACID - TRANS
MALEIC ACID - CIS
Four of the simpler hydroxy acids are.
GLYCOLIC ACID
MALIC
TARTARIC
CITRIC ACID
__________ is present in the juice from sugar cane and sugar beets.
GLYCOLIC ACID
____________is present in sour milk, sauerkraut, and dill pickles.
Lactic acid
___________________ and ________________ occurs naturally in fruits.
MALIC ACID and TARTARIC ACID-
_____________ abundant in grapes, component of tartar sauce, and acidic ingredient in many baking powders. sharp taste of the apple
TARTARIC ACID
___________ the best known of all carboxylic acids.
CITRIC ACID-
gives citrus fruits their sharp taste, widely used in beverages and foods.
CITRIC ACID
an example of TRICARBOXYLIC ACID
citric acid
