ALKANES Flashcards
_______ is a hydrocarbon that contains only carbon–carbon single bonds (saturated) and has no rings of carbon atoms (acyclic)
Alkane
The molecular formulas of acyclic alkanes fit the general formula:
CnH (2n+2)
The molecular formulas of cyclic alkanes (cycloalkanes) fit the general formula:
CnH2n
A _____________ is a two-dimensional structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a molecule are bonded to each other
structural formula
____________is a structural formula that shows all atoms in a molecule and all bonds connecting the atoms
Expanded Structural Formula
__________ is a structural formula that uses groupings of atoms, in which central atoms and the atoms connected to them are written as a group, to convey molecular structural information
Condensed Structural Formula
_________ is a structural formula that shows the arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms present in an organic molecule but does not show the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms
SKELETAL STRUCTURAL FORMULA
____________ is an alkane in which all carbon atoms are connected in a continuous nonbranching chain
Continuous-chain Alkane
__________ is an alkane in which one or more branches (of carbon atoms) are attached to a continuous chain of carbon atoms
Branched-chain Alkane
Internationally recognized systems of nomenclature were devised by a commission of the ________________________________________
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
The general name for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons is ___________
alkanes
________________ are used to denote the actual number of carbon atoms in the continuous chain and ends with –ane suffix word
Greek numerical prefixes
To name branched-chain alkanes, the root name is that of the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. Groups attached to the main chain are called _______
substituents
For branched-chain alkanes, the substituents are specifically called ______________
alkyl groups
_____________ is the group of atoms that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane
alkyl groups
IUPAC names for hydrocarbons are written as how many words
one word
The ___________ is a scale of small numbers that are used
to specify molar hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution.
pH scale
Locate the longest continuous carbon chain. This will give the name of the ____________
parent hydrocarbon.
is a structural representation in which a line represents a carbon-carbon bond and a carbon atom is understood to be present at every point where two lines meet and at the
ends of lines
LINE ANGLE STRUCTURAL
is a saturated hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms connected to one another in a cyclic (ring) arrangement are present
cycloalkanes
is a cyclic organic compound in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring have been replaced with atoms of other elements
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
