Functional Groups

Question 1

Alkene

Answer 1

double bond between carbons
name ending in -ene
example H2C–CH2 Ethene

Question 2

Alkyne

Answer 2

triple bond between carbons
name ending in -yne
example HC—CH Ethyne

Question 3

Arene

Answer 3

Aromatic ring of carbons
No name ending
example Benzene

Question 4

Halide

Answer 4

F, CL, BR, I bonded to CH3
No name ending
example CH3CL Chloromethane

Question 5

Alcohol

Answer 5

OH group bonded to CH3
name ending in -ol
example CH3OH Methanol
Classified as primary, secondary and tertiary based on the number of carbons attached
Primary is oxidised to Carboxylic acid
Secondary is oxidised to Ketone

Question 6

Ether

Answer 6

An O bonded to two carbons
name ending ether
example CH3OCH3 Dimethyl ether

Question 7

Monophosphate

Answer 7

OP2O3^2-
name ending phosphate
example CH3OP2O3^2- Methyl phosphate

Question 8

Diphosphate

Answer 8

OP2O6^3-
name ending diphosphate
example CH3OP2O6^3- Methyl diphosphate

Question 9

Amine

Answer 9

NH2
name ending -amine
example CH3NH2 Methylamine

Question 10

Imine

Answer 10

NH group double bonded to a carbon chain
No name ending
example CH3C–NH CH3 Acetone imine

Question 11

Nitrile

Answer 11

N triple bonded to C
name ending -nitrile
example CH3C—N Ethanenitrile

Question 12

Thiol

Answer 12

SH group
name ending -thiol
example CH3SH Methanethiol

Question 13

Sulfide

Answer 13

S group
name ending sulfide
example CH3SCH3 Dimethyl sulfide

Question 14

Disulfide

Answer 14

SS
name ending disulfide
example CH3SSCH3 Dimethyl disulfide

Question 15

Sulfoxide

Answer 15

SO group
name ending sulfoxide
example CH3S-O CH3 Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Question 16

Aldehyde

Answer 16

O double bond to CH
name ending -al
example CH3CH–O Ethanal

Question 17

Ketone

Answer 17

O double bond to C
name ending -one
example CH3C–O CH3 Proponone

Question 18

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 18

O double bond to C with hydroxide group
name ending -oic acid
example CH3C–O OH Ethanoic acid

Question 19

Ester

Answer 19

O double bond to C, O bonded to two C
name ending -oate
example CH3C–O COCH3 Methyl Ethanoate

Question 20

Thioester

Answer 20

O double bond to C, S bonded to two C
name ending -thioate
example CH3C–O SCH3 Methyl Ethanethioate

Question 21

Amide

Answer 21

O double bond C with N (with two non-bonding electrons)
name ending -amide
example CH3C–O NH2 Ethanamide

Question 22

Acid chloride

Answer 22

O double bond C, with Cl
name ending -oyl chloride
example CH3C–OCl Etahnoyl chloride

Question 23

Carboxylic acid anhydride

Answer 23

O double bond C, O between two C, O double bond C
name ending -oic anhydride
example CH3C–O O C–O CH3 Ethanoic anhydride