Functional Groups Flashcards
Alkene
double bond between carbons
name ending in -ene
example H2C–CH2 Ethene
Alkyne
triple bond between carbons
name ending in -yne
example HC—CH Ethyne
Arene
Aromatic ring of carbons
No name ending
example Benzene
Halide
F, CL, BR, I bonded to CH3
No name ending
example CH3CL Chloromethane
Alcohol
OH group bonded to CH3 name ending in -ol example CH3OH Methanol Classified as primary, secondary and tertiary based on the number of carbons attached Primary is oxidised to Carboxylic acid Secondary is oxidised to Ketone
Ether
An O bonded to two carbons
name ending ether
example CH3OCH3 Dimethyl ether
Monophosphate
OP2O3^2-
name ending phosphate
example CH3OP2O3^2- Methyl phosphate
Diphosphate
OP2O6^3-
name ending diphosphate
example CH3OP2O6^3- Methyl diphosphate
Amine
NH2
name ending -amine
example CH3NH2 Methylamine
Imine
NH group double bonded to a carbon chain
No name ending
example CH3C–NH CH3 Acetone imine
Nitrile
N triple bonded to C
name ending -nitrile
example CH3C—N Ethanenitrile
Thiol
SH group
name ending -thiol
example CH3SH Methanethiol
Sulfide
S group
name ending sulfide
example CH3SCH3 Dimethyl sulfide
Disulfide
SS
name ending disulfide
example CH3SSCH3 Dimethyl disulfide
Sulfoxide
SO group
name ending sulfoxide
example CH3S-O CH3 Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Aldehyde
O double bond to CH
name ending -al
example CH3CH–O Ethanal
Ketone
O double bond to C
name ending -one
example CH3C–O CH3 Proponone
Carboxylic Acid
O double bond to C with hydroxide group
name ending -oic acid
example CH3C–O OH Ethanoic acid
Ester
O double bond to C, O bonded to two C
name ending -oate
example CH3C–O COCH3 Methyl Ethanoate
Thioester
O double bond to C, S bonded to two C
name ending -thioate
example CH3C–O SCH3 Methyl Ethanethioate
Amide
O double bond C with N (with two non-bonding electrons)
name ending -amide
example CH3C–O NH2 Ethanamide
Acid chloride
O double bond C, with Cl
name ending -oyl chloride
example CH3C–OCl Etahnoyl chloride
Carboxylic acid anhydride
O double bond C, O between two C, O double bond C
name ending -oic anhydride
example CH3C–O O C–O CH3 Ethanoic anhydride